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Shloka 52

अध्याय ७४: अक्रोध–क्षमा–निवासनीति

Chapter 74: Non-anger, Forbearance, and the Ethics of Residence

(आत्मनो<र्थमिति श्रौतं सा रक्षति धन प्रजा: । शरीरं लोकयात्रां वै धर्म स्वर्गमृषीन्‌ पितृन्‌ ।।) “पत्नी अपना आधा अंग है, यह श्रुतिका वचन है। वह धन, प्रजा, शरीर, लोकयात्रा, धर्म, स्वर्ग, ऋषि तथा पितर--इन सबकी रक्षा करती है। आत्मनो जन्मन: क्षेत्रं पुण्यं रामा: सनातनम्‌ | ऋषीणामपि का शक्ति: स््रष्ठुं रामामृते प्रजाम्‌,'स्त्रियाँ पतिके आत्माके जन्म लेनेका सनातन पुण्य क्षेत्र हैं। ऋषियोंमें भी क्या शक्ति है कि बिना स्त्रीके संतान उत्पन्न कर सकें

duṣyanta uvāca | (ātmano 'rtham iti śrautaṃ sā rakṣati dhanaṃ prajāḥ | śarīraṃ lokayātrāṃ vai dharmaṃ svargam ṛṣīn pitṝn ||) ātmanaḥ janmanaḥ kṣetraṃ puṇyaṃ rāmāḥ sanātanam | ṛṣīṇām api kā śaktiḥ sraṣṭuṃ rāmām ṛte prajām ||

Duṣyanta sprach: „In den Veden ist verkündet, dass die Gattin um des eigenen Heils willen ist—ja, sie ist wahrhaft die eigene Hälfte. Sie bewahrt Reichtum und Nachkommenschaft; sie trägt den Leib und die Fortdauer des weltlichen Lebens; sie schützt das Dharma und die Hoffnung auf den Himmel und hält die Riten aufrecht, die den ṛṣi und den Ahnen geschuldet sind. Die Frau ist das uralte, heilige Feld, in dem das Selbst des Mannes durch die Nachkommen wiedergeboren wird. Selbst die Seher—welche Macht hätten sie, ohne eine Frau Nachkommenschaft zu schaffen?“

आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अर्थम्purpose/benefit
अर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
श्रुतम्heard; (as) stated in śruti
श्रुतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
साshe (the wife)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
धनम्wealth
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रजाःoffspring/subjects
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
शरीरम्body
शरीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
लोकयात्राम्worldly course of life/maintenance of life
लोकयात्राम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोकयात्रा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
धर्मम्dharma/righteous duty
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऋषीन्sages
ऋषीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पितॄन्ancestors/fathers
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आत्मनःof the husband/self
आत्मनः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
जन्मनःof birth
जन्मनः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
क्षेत्रम्field (womb as field)
क्षेत्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुण्यम्holy/meritorious
पुण्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रामाःwives/women (ramāḥ)
रामाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरामा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
सनातनम्eternal
सनातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ऋषीणाम्of sages
ऋषीणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
काwhat? (which?)
का:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शक्तिःpower/ability
शक्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
स्रष्टुम्to create/produce
स्रष्टुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormTumun (infinitive)
रामाम्a wife/woman
रामाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरामा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ऋतेwithout
ऋते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते
प्रजाम्offspring
प्रजाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

दुष्यन्त उवाच

D
Duṣyanta
P
patnī (wife)
ṛṣi (sages)
P
pitṛ (ancestors)
S
svarga (heaven)
D
dharma

Educational Q&A

The verse presents the wife as an indispensable partner in dharma: she sustains household life, enables progeny and lineage, and supports obligations to sages and ancestors; thus marriage is framed as a Vedic, ethical institution central to social and spiritual continuity.

Duṣyanta is arguing for the significance and legitimacy of the marital bond by invoking śruti-based authority and the practical-spiritual roles of a wife—wealth, offspring, ritual continuity, and the fulfillment of dharma.