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Shloka 40

अध्याय ७४: अक्रोध–क्षमा–निवासनीति

Chapter 74: Non-anger, Forbearance, and the Ethics of Residence

(पुत्रेण लोकाञ्जयति पौत्रेणानन्त्यमश्चुते । अथ पौत्रस्य पुत्रेण मोदन्ते प्रपितामहा: ।।) “मनुष्य पुत्रसे पुण्यलोकोंपर विजय पाता है, पौत्रसे अक्षय सुखका भागी होता है तथा पौत्रके पुत्रसे प्रपितामहगण आनन्दके भागी होते हैं। सा भार्या या गृहे दक्षा सा भार्या या प्रजावती । सा भार्या या पतिप्राणा सा भार्या या पतिव्रता,“वही भार्या है, जो घरके काम-काजमें कुशल हो। वही भार्या है, जो संतानवती हो। वही भार्या है, जो अपने पतिको प्राणोंके समान प्रिय मानती हो और वही भार्या है, जो पतिव्रता हो

putreṇa lokān jayati pautreṇānantyam aśnute | atha pautrasya putreṇa modante prapitāmahāḥ || sā bhāryā yā gṛhe dakṣā sā bhāryā yā prajāvatī | sā bhāryā yā patiprāṇā sā bhāryā yā pativratā ||

Duṣyanta sprach: „Durch einen Sohn erringt der Mensch den Sieg über die Welten; durch einen Enkel hat er Anteil an unvergänglichem Wohlergehen; und durch den Sohn des Enkels jubeln die Urgroßväter. Nur sie ist wahrhaft Gattin: die in den Angelegenheiten des Hauses tüchtig ist; die mit Nachkommenschaft gesegnet ist; die ihren Mann so lieb hält wie das eigene Leben; und die in Gelübde und Wandel pativratā ist — dem Gatten treu ergeben.“

पुत्रेणby/through a son
पुत्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
लोकान्worlds
लोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
जयतिconquers/wins
जयति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजि
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पौत्रेणby/through a grandson
पौत्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपौत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अनन्त्यम्endlessness/immortality (unending state)
अनन्त्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनन्त्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अश्नुतेattains/obtains
अश्नुते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
अथthen/and further
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
पौत्रस्यof the grandson
पौत्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपौत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रेणby/through the son
पुत्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मोदन्तेrejoice
मोदन्ते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootमुद्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Atmanepada
प्रपितामहाःgreat-grandfathers (paternal ancestors)
प्रपितामहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रपितामह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

दुष्यन्त उवाच

D
Duṣyanta
S
son (putra)
G
grandson (pautra)
G
great-grandson (pautrasya putra)
G
great-grandfathers/ancestors (prapitāmahāḥ)
W
wife (bhāryā)
H
husband (pati)

Educational Q&A

The verse links household dharma to continuity of lineage: a son brings worldly attainment, a grandson symbolizes enduring welfare, and a great-grandson brings joy to ancestors. It also defines an ideal wife in four traits—household competence, motherhood, deep affection for the husband, and steadfast marital fidelity—presented as ethical norms of the gṛhastha (householder) life.

Duṣyanta is speaking in a context where the value of marriage and progeny is being emphasized. He articulates why offspring matter for a man’s worldly and ancestral fulfillment and then characterizes what qualities constitute a ‘true wife’ within the social-ethical framework of the epic.