Shloka 1

अफड-ए क्र चतुश्नत्वारिशो< ध्याय: जनमेजयका राज्याभिषेक और विवाह सौतिरुवाच ते तथा मन्त्रिणो दृष्टवा भोगेन परिवेष्टितम्‌ । विषण्णवदना: सर्वे रुरुदुर्भशदु:खिता:,उग्रश्रवाजी कहते हैं--शौनकजी! मन्त्रीगण राजा परीक्षित्‌को तक्षक नागसे जकड़ा हुआ देख अत्यन्त दुःखी हो गये। उनके मुखपर विषाद छा गया और वे सब-के-सब रोने लगे

Sautir uvāca—te tathā mantriṇo dṛṣṭvā bhogena pariveṣṭitam | viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ sarve rurudur bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ ||

Sauti sprach: Als die Minister den König so sahen, vom Leib der Schlange eng umschlungen und gebunden, wurden sie von tiefem Kummer überwältigt. Ihre Gesichter verdüsterten sich in schwerer Niedergeschlagenheit, und alle weinten, von heftigem Schmerz getroffen.

तेthey/those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
मन्त्रिणःministers/counsellors
मन्त्रिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
भोगेनby the coil (of a serpent)
भोगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभोग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परिवेष्टितम्encircled/entwined
परिवेष्टितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-वेṣ्ट्/वेष्ट्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
विषण्ण-वदनाःhaving dejected faces
विषण्ण-वदनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविषण्ण + वदन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रुरुदुःthey wept
रुरुदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootरुद्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
भृश-दुःखिताःgreatly distressed
भृश-दुःखिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभृश + दुःखित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (as adjectival participle in दुःखित)

तक्षक उवाच

S
Sauti (Ugraśravas)
Ś
Śaunaka
M
ministers (mantriṇaḥ)
K
King Parīkṣit
T
Takṣaka (serpent)

Educational Q&A

Even the highest worldly authority is vulnerable to the results of prior deeds and to forces beyond control; wise governance requires humility, restraint, and attentiveness to dharma, since a ruler’s missteps can precipitate suffering for the whole polity.

The narrator Sauti describes the ministers witnessing King Parīkṣit bound by the serpent’s coils (the fatal attack associated with Takṣaka). Shocked and grief-stricken, they become dejected and weep intensely.