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Shloka 61

Ādi-parva Adhyāya 3 — Janamejaya’s Rite, Dhaumya’s Parīkṣā, and Uttanka’s Kuṇḍala Quest (सर्पसत्रप्रस्तावना–गुरुपरीक्षा–उत्तङ्कोपाख्यान)

हे अश्विनीकुमारो! इस कालचक्रकी एकमात्र संवत्सर ही नाभि है, जिसपर रात और दिन मिलाकर सात सौ बीस अरे टिके हुए हैं। वे सब बारह मासरूपी प्रधियों (अरोंको थामनेवाले पुट्टठों)-में जुड़े हुए हैं। अश्विनीकुमारो! यह अविनाशी एवं मायामय कालचक्र बिना नेमिके ही अनियत गतिसे घूमता तथा इहलोक और परलोक दोनों लोकोंकी प्रजाओंका विनाश करता रहता है

he aśvinīkumārau! asya kālacakrasya ekamātraḥ saṃvatsara eva nābhiḥ, yasmin rātriṃ ca dinaṃ ca samāhṛtya saptaśatāni viṃśatiś ca arāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ. te sarve dvādaśa-māsa-rūpeṣu pradhīṣu saṃyuktāḥ. aśvinīkumārau! idaṃ avyayaṃ māyāmayaṃ kālacakraṃ vinā nemikayā aniyata-gatyā bhramati, ihaloka-paraloka-ubhayalokayoḥ prajāḥ vināśayati ca.

Rāma sprach: „O Aśvinīkumāras! In diesem Rad der Zeit ist das eine Jahr die Nabe. Auf ihr ruhen siebenhundertzwanzig Speichen—Nächte und Tage zusammen—gefügt an die zwölf Monate, die als Stützen des Randes dienen. O Aśvinīkumāras! Dieses unvergängliche, aus Māyā gewirkte Rad der Zeit dreht sich ohne festen Reif, läuft in unberechenbarer Bahn und bringt unablässig Verderben über die Wesen dieser und der jenseitigen Welt.“

हेO (vocative particle)
हे:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहे
अश्विनीकुमारौO Ashvinī-kumāras (the twin physicians)
अश्विनीकुमारौ:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्विनीकुमार
FormMasculine, Vocative, Dual
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालचक्रेin the wheel of time
कालचक्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकालचक्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
एकःone, single
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संवत्सरःyear
संवत्सरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नाभिःhub (navel)
नाभिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाभि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
रात्रिदिनौnight and day
रात्रिदिनौ:
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि + दिन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
समेत्यhaving come together, combined
समेत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + इ (इति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage)
सप्तseven
सप्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त
शतानिhundreds
शतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
विंशतिःtwenty
विंशतिः:
TypeNoun
Rootविंशति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अराःspokes
अराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तिष्ठन्तिstand, are fixed
तिष्ठन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश
मासरूपेषुin the month-forms (as months)
मासरूपेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमासरूप
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
प्रधिषुin the felly-sections / rims (supports of spokes)
प्रधिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रधि
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
योजिताःjoined, fastened
योजिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
हेO (vocative particle)
हे:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहे
अश्विनीकुमारौO Ashvinī-kumāras
अश्विनीकुमारौ:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्विनीकुमार
FormMasculine, Vocative, Dual
अविनाशीimperishable
अविनाशी:
TypeAdjective
Rootअविनाशिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मायामयःmade of illusion, wondrous
मायामयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमायामय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कालचक्रःthe wheel of time
कालचक्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकालचक्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विनाwithout
विना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना
नेमिम्rim, felly
नेमिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनेमि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अनियतगत्याwith irregular motion
अनियतगत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनियतगति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
भ्रमतिturns, revolves
भ्रमति:
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रम्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
इहलोकम्this world
इहलोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइहलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परलोकम्the other world
परलोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उभौboth
उभौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
लोकौworlds
लोकौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
प्रजाःcreatures, subjects
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
विनाशयतिdestroys
विनाशयति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + नश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा

राम उवाच

R
Rāma
A
Aśvinīkumāras
K
kālacakra (Wheel of Time)
S
saṃvatsara (year)
D
dvādaśa māsa (twelve months)
I
ihaloka
P
paraloka

Educational Q&A

Time is portrayed as an inexorable cosmic wheel: even though it appears structured (year, months, days and nights), its motion is ultimately unpredictable and it brings inevitable decay and destruction to all beings. The ethical implication is sobriety and detachment—recognizing impermanence and acting with dharma before time consumes opportunities.

Rāma addresses the twin gods, the Aśvinīkumāras, using a vivid wheel metaphor to describe the structure and power of Time: the year as hub, days and nights as spokes, months as supporting parts, and the wheel’s relentless turning that destroys beings in both this world and the next.