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Shloka 1

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 181 — Svayaṃvara Aftermath: Arjuna–Karna Exchange and Bhīma–Śalya Contest

इस प्रकार श्रीमहाभारत आदिपरव्वके अन्तर्गत चैत्ररथपर्वमें औवॉपाख्यानविषयक एक सौ अस्सीवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ ॥/ १८० ॥। ऑपनआक्रात [छ। अंक एकाशीरत्याधिकशततमो< ध्याय: राजा कल्माषपादको ब्राह्मणी आंगिरसीका शाप अजुन उवाच राज्ञा कल्माषपादेन गुरी ब्रह्मविदां वरे । कारणं कि पुरस्कृत्य भार्या वै संनियोजिता,अर्जुनने पूछा--गन्धर्वराज! किस कारणको सामने रखकर राजा कल्माषपादने ब्रह्मवेत्ताओंमें श्रेष्ठ गुरु वसिष्ठजीके साथ अपनी पत्नीका नियोग कराया था?

arjuna uvāca | rājñā kalmāṣapādena guro brahmavidāṃ vare | kāraṇaṃ kiṃ puraskṛtya bhāryā vai saṃniyojitā ||

Arjuna sprach: „O König der Gandharvas, aus welchem Grund veranlasste König Kalmāṣapāda, dass seine Gemahlin (zur Zeugung von Nachkommenschaft) dem Guru Vasiṣṭha zugewiesen wurde, dem Vornehmsten unter den Kennern des Brahman?“

अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कल्माषपादेनby (king) Kalmāṣapāda
कल्माषपादेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकल्माषपाद
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
गुरौin/with the teacher
गुरौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ब्रह्मविदाम्of the knowers of Brahman
ब्रह्मविदाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मविद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वरेin the best (one)
वरे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कारणम्reason, cause
कारणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुरस्कृत्यhaving put forward, citing
पुरस्कृत्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootपुरस्-कृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
संनियोजिताwas appointed/assigned (for niyoga)
संनियोजिता:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नि-युज्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
Kalmāṣapāda
V
Vasiṣṭha
G
Gandharva-king (listener addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds dharma in exceptional social practices: niyoga is treated not as personal desire but as a duty-bound, reasoned act aimed at preserving lineage and social order under the guidance of a spiritually authoritative sage.

Arjuna asks the Gandharva-king to explain the motive behind King Kalmāṣapāda’s decision to have his wife undertake niyoga with the sage-teacher Vasiṣṭha, setting up the backstory and ethical rationale for that episode.