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Shloka 1

पाण्डोः श्राद्धं, सत्यवत्याः वनगमनम्, बाल्यस्पर्धा च

Pāṇḍu’s Śrāddha, Satyavatī’s Withdrawal, and Childhood Rivalry

ऑपनआक्ाा बछ। अर: अष्टादशाधिकशततमोब<् ध्याय: पाण्डुका अनुताप, संन्यास लेनेका निश्चय तथा पत्नियोंके अनुरोधसे वानप्रस्थ-आश्रममें प्रवेश वैशम्पायन उवाच तं॑ व्यतीतमतिक्रम्य राजा स्वमिव बान्धवम्‌ | सभार्य: शोकदु:खार्त: पर्यदेवयदातुर:,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--जनमेजय! उन मृगरूपधारी मुनिको मरा हुआ छोड़कर राजा पाण्डु जब आगे बढ़े, तब पत्नीसहित शोक और दुःखसे आतुर हो अपने सगे भाई- बन्धुकी भाँति उनके लिये विलाप करने लगे तथा अपनी भूलपर पश्चात्ताप करते हुए कहने लगे

Vaiśampāyana uvāca |

Taṁ vyatītam atikramya rājā svam iva bāndhavam |

Sabhāryaḥ śoka-duḥkhārtaḥ paryadevayad āturaḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana sprach: „O Janamejaya! Nachdem der König Pāṇḍu an ihm vorübergegangen war—ihn dort zurücklassend wie einen, der bereits dahingegangen ist—, von Kummer und Schmerz bedrängt, erhob er mit seinen Gemahlinnen in großer Not Klage und beweinte jenen Weisen, als wäre er ein eigener Blutsverwandter. Und in Reue über seinen Fehltritt sprach er: “

वैशम्पायनःVaishampayana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him/that one
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्यतीतम्gone past, left behind
व्यतीतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + अति + इ (→ व्यतीत)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अतिक्रम्यhaving passed beyond
अतिक्रम्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति + क्रम्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वम्one's own
स्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
बान्धवम्kinsman, relative
बान्धवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबान्धव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स-भार्यःtogether with (his) wives
स-भार्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभार्या
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शोक-दुःख-आर्तःdistressed by grief and sorrow
शोक-दुःख-आर्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पर्यदेवयत्lamented, wailed
पर्यदेवयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + दिव् (पर्यदेवयति)
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आतुरःafflicted, distressed
आतुरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआतुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
P
Pāṇḍu
P
Pāṇḍu's wives (Kuntī and Mādrī, implied)
T
the deer-formed sage (ṛṣi in mṛga-rūpa, implied)

Educational Q&A

Even unintended wrongdoing carries moral weight: a ruler must acknowledge harm, grieve for the victim, and accept responsibility. The verse highlights conscience (an ethical response) as integral to dharma, especially for a king whose actions affect others.

After the deer-formed sage has been killed (in the preceding context), Pāṇḍu moves on but immediately breaks into lamentation. With his wives, he mourns the slain ascetic as if he were a close relative, expressing distress and the beginning of repentance that will shape his later renunciatory decisions.