Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 21

आदि पर्व, अध्याय 104 — कर्णोत्पत्ति, दानधर्म, वैकर्तन-नामकरण

Karna’s Birth, Gift-Ethic, and the Name Vaikartana

जानामि चैवं सत्यं तन्मदर्थे यच्च भाषितम्‌ । आपद्धर्म त्वमावेक्ष्य वह पैतामहीं धुरम्‌,“सारे संसारका नाश हो जाय, मुझे अमरत्व मिलता हो या त्रिलोकीका राज्य प्राप्त हो, तो भी मैं अपने किये हुए प्रणको नहीं तोड़ सकता।” महान्‌ तेजोरूप धनसे सम्पन्न अपने पुत्र भीष्मके ऐसा कहनेपर माता सत्यवती इस प्रकार बोली--“बेटा! तुम सत्यपराक्रमी हो। मैं जानती हूँ, सत्यमें तुम्हारी दृढ़ निष्ठा है। तुम चाहो तो अपने ही तेजसे नयी त्रिलोकीकी रचना कर सकते हो। मैं उस सत्यको भी नहीं भूल सकी हूँ, जिसकी तुमने मेरे लिये घोषणा की थी। फिर भी मेरा आग्रह है कि तुम आपद्धर्मका विचार करके बाप-दादोंके दिये हुए इस राज्यभारको वहन करो

jānāmi caivaṁ satyaṁ tan-madarthe yac ca bhāṣitam | āpad-dharma tvam āvekṣya vaha paitāmahīṁ dhuram ||

„Auch ich weiß, dass wahr ist, was du um meinetwillen gesprochen hast. Doch bedenke das āpaddharma (die Pflicht in der Krise) und trage die ererbte Last der Ahnen — die Last des Reiches.“

जानामिI know
जानामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (जानाति)
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवम्thus, in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मदर्थेfor my sake / in my interest
मदर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमदर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यत्which/what
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भाषितम्spoken, said
भाषितम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootभाष्
Formkta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive (participial)
आपद्धर्मम्duty in distress (apaddharma)
आपद्धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्धर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
आवेक्ष्यhaving considered, having looked to
आवेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअवेक्ष्
Formlyap (absolutive/gerund), Active
वहcarry, bear
वह:
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
FormImperative (Lot), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पैतामहीम्ancestral (of the forefathers)
पैतामहीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपैतामही (पितामह-सम्बन्धिनी)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
धुरम्burden, yoke (responsibility)
धुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधुर्/धुरा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Satyavatī
B
Bhīṣma
T
Trilokī (the three worlds)
R
Rājya (kingdom)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a tension between unwavering truthfulness (keeping one’s vow) and situational duty (āpad-dharma). It suggests that in extraordinary circumstances, one must weigh rigid personal commitments against the larger responsibility of sustaining the ancestral order and welfare of the realm.

In the context of the Bhīṣma–Satyavatī episode, the speaker acknowledges the truth of what was earlier proclaimed for Satyavatī’s sake, but urges Bhīṣma to consider emergency-duty (āpad-dharma) and accept the forefathers’ burden of kingship—i.e., to take up responsibility for the dynasty and the state.