Shloka 14

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and Dāna as the Soul’s True Companion on the Path to Yama

वैश्यः स्वकर्माणि विशोचते तदा गृहीतपाशो न मयापि सञ्चितम् / सत्यं न चोक्तं क्रय विक्रयेण मोहाद्विमूढेन कुटुम्बहेतवे

vaiśyaḥ svakarmāṇi viśocate tadā gṛhītapāśo na mayāpi sañcitam / satyaṃ na coktaṃ kraya vikrayeṇa mohādvimūḍhena kuṭumbahetave

Dann beklagt der Vaiśya seine eigenen Taten, vom Strick Yamas ergriffen: „Wahrlich, ich habe nichts für die jenseitige Welt zurückgelegt. Beim Kaufen und Verkaufen sprach ich nicht die Wahrheit—von Moha betört, durch Anhaftung verwirrt, um meiner Familie willen.“

vaiśyaḥa Vaishya (merchant)
vaiśyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvaiśya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
sva-karmāṇihis own actions
sva-karmāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Plural (बहुवचन); कर्मधारय—'svāni karmāṇi' (one's own deeds)
viśocatelaments
viśocate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√śuc (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada
tadāthen
tadā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormTemporal adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)
gṛhīta-pāśaḥone caught in a noose (ensnared)
gṛhīta-pāśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; apposition to vaiśyaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootgṛhīta (√grah, क्त-कृदन्त) + pāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; बहुव्रीहि—'gṛhītaḥ pāśo yena saḥ' (one who has been caught in a noose)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
mayāby me
mayā:
Karta (कर्ता; agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental, Singular
apialso/even
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (समुच्चय/अपि-निपात)
sañcitamaccumulated
sañcitam:
Kriyā (क्रिया; predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√ci (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular; predicate (not accumulated)
satyamtruth
satyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; object of 'uktam'
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle
uktamspoken
uktam:
Kriyā (क्रिया; predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular; predicate (not spoken)
krayaby buying
kraya:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkraya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd) Singular (intended); used with 'vikrayeṇa' as pair; text shows uninflected form (पाठदोष)
vikrayeṇaby selling
vikrayeṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvikraya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular
mohātfrom delusion
mohāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootmoha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative (5th), Singular
vimūḍhenaby (one) deluded
vimūḍhena:
Karta (कर्ता; agent quality)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-mūḍha (प्रातिपदिक; √muh + क्त)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; adjective qualifying implied 'mayā' (by me, deluded)
kuṭumba-hetavefor the sake of family
kuṭumba-hetave:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootkuṭumba (प्रातिपदिक) + hetu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Dative (4th), Singular; 'kuṭumbasya hetuḥ' (for the sake of family)

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vinata-putra about the soul’s remorse after death)

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Concept: Satya (truthfulness) and honest livelihood are dharma; wealth hoarded for family without dharmic giving fails to aid the next world.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-bandha through rāga (attachment) and moha (delusion); ethical action purifies antaḥkaraṇa and supports higher pursuit.

Application: Practice truthful speech in transactions, avoid deceitful profit, allocate wealth for dāna and dharmic duties rather than only familial accumulation.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Type: judgment-path / threshold space

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: themes of Yama-pāśa, post-mortem regret, and merchantly deceit leading to suffering (general parallel passages)

Y
Yama

FAQs

This verse frames dishonest buying and selling as a moral failure that produces intense remorse after death, showing that everyday commerce is also governed by dharma and karma.

By depicting the soul as “seized by the noose,” it points to Yama’s jurisdiction and the post-death reckoning where one’s actions—especially deceit—return as suffering and regret.

Practice truthful speech and fair dealing in business, and do not justify unethical actions as “for the family,” since such delusion becomes a cause of later anguish.