Shloka 21

Explanation of the Sapiṇḍana Rite; Causes of Pretahood; Viṣṇu Worship and Preta-ghaṭa Dāna

नृपतिरुवाच / कृष्णवर्णः करालास्यस्त्वं प्रेत इव लक्ष्यसे / कथयस्व मम प्रीत्या यथैवं चासि तत्त्वतः

nṛpatiruvāca / kṛṣṇavarṇaḥ karālāsyastvaṃ preta iva lakṣyase / kathayasva mama prītyā yathaivaṃ cāsi tattvataḥ

Der König sprach: „Du bist dunkelhäutig und hast ein schreckliches Gesicht; du siehst aus wie ein Preta. Sag mir, um mir eine Freude zu machen – warum bist du so? Erkläre die Wahrheit darüber.“

नृपतिःthe king
नृपतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
कृष्णवर्णःblack-complexioned
कृष्णवर्णः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (कृष्णो वर्णो यस्य)
करालास्यःhaving a frightful mouth
करालास्यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकराल (प्रातिपदिक) + आस्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (करालम् आस्यं यस्य)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formमध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
प्रेतःa preta/ghost
प्रेतः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
इवas if/like
इव:
Sambandha (Comparison/उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमानवाचक निपात (particle of comparison)
लक्ष्यसेyou appear/are seen
लक्ष्यसे:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√लक्ष् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (present), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्; कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थक (you are perceived/appear)
कथयस्वtell
कथयस्व:
Kriya (Command/आज्ञा)
TypeVerb
Root√कथ् (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
ममto me/for me
मम:
Sampradana (Beneficiary/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
प्रीत्याwith affection
प्रीत्या:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), एकवचन; हेतौ/प्रकारे (by/with affection)
यथाhow
यथा:
Prakara (Manner/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक/सम्बन्धबोधक (how/in what manner)
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Prakara (Manner/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus/in this way)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात
असिyou are
असि:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (present), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
तत्त्वतःin reality
तत्त्वतः:
Prakara (Manner/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्त्वतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) ‘in truth/essentially’

The King (Nṛpati)

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Concept: Move from judging by frightening appearance to asking for tattva (truth/cause); inquiry (praśna) as the gateway to right understanding.

Vedantic Theme: Viveka (discernment) between form and reality; knowledge begins with honest questioning.

Application: When encountering disturbing phenomena, ask for causes and context; avoid snap judgments; prioritize truth-seeking dialogue.

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Type: forest/wilderness

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: question-answer pedagogy as a dominant mode (structural)

P
Preta

FAQs

This verse introduces the preta condition as a recognizable post-death state, prompting inquiry into its true cause—setting up the text’s explanation of how actions and rites affect the departed.

By describing someone as “like a preta,” the verse points to an intermediate, unsettled condition after death, implying that specific causes (karma, omissions of rites, or other factors explained later) shape the soul’s experience.

It encourages responsibility toward death-related duties—ethical living and proper remembrance/rites for the departed—so that the transition after death is not described as fearful or restless.