Shloka 49

The Preta’s Staged Journey to Yama’s City: Monthly Śrāddha Supports, Vaitaraṇī Crossing, and the Witnesses of Deeds

शुभाशुभं तु यत्कर्म ते विचार्य पुनः पुनः / श्रवणा ब्रह्मणः पुत्रा मनुष्याणां च चेष्टितम् / कथयन्ति तदा लोके पूजिताः पूजिताः स्वयम्

śubhāśubhaṃ tu yatkarma te vicārya punaḥ punaḥ / śravaṇā brahmaṇaḥ putrā manuṣyāṇāṃ ca ceṣṭitam / kathayanti tadā loke pūjitāḥ pūjitāḥ svayam

Nachdem sie die heilsamen und unheilsamen Taten immer wieder erwogen haben, verkünden die Śravaṇas—Söhne Brahmās—in jenem Bereich das Tun der Menschen; und sie selbst werden geehrt, da sie der Ehre würdig sind.

शुभाशुभम्good and evil
शुभाशुभम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootशुभ (प्रातिपदिक) + अशुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (शुभं च अशुभं च)
तुbut; however
तु:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrastive particle)
यत्whatever
यत्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; relative pronoun qualifying ‘कर्म’
कर्मdeed; action
कर्म:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; demonstrative pronoun (referring to the agents like Śravaṇas)
विचार्यhaving considered
विचार्य:
Kriya (Non-finite verb/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि+चर् (धातु) → विचार्य (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having examined/considered’
पुनःagain
पुनः:
Sambandha (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
पुनःagain (repeatedly)
पुनः:
Sambandha (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb), पुनरुक्ति for emphasis
श्रवणाःthe Śravaṇas (a class of beings)
श्रवणाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; proper class-name
ब्रह्मणःof Brahmā
ब्रह्मणः:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), एकवचन
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन
मनुष्याणाम्of humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
चेष्टितम्conduct; actions (done)
चेष्टितम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootचेष्ट् (धातु) → चेष्टित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP used as noun), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘conduct/behavior’
कथयन्तिthey tell; they report
कथयन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकथय् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
तदाthen
तदा:
Sambandha (Time/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन
पूजिताःhonored; worshipped
पूजिताः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूज् (धातु) → पूजित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; qualifying the subject ‘ते/श्रवणाः’
पूजिताःhonored (again emphasized)
पूजिताः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूज् (धातु) → पूजित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; repetition for emphasis
स्वयम्themselves; personally
स्वयम्:
Sambandha (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, आत्मवाचक/स्वतन्त्रवाचक (reflexive adverb)

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Concept: Karma is evaluated repeatedly and impartially; deeds become known and articulated by appointed cosmic witnesses.

Vedantic Theme: Karma as an objective law; the ‘witness’ motif externalized as cosmic auditors, mirroring the inner sākṣin principle.

Application: Act as if every deed will be reviewed and spoken aloud; cultivate transparency, repentance, and consistent virtue.

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: court/assembly realm

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: Chitragupta’s record-keeping and Yama’s judgment (2.16.50); Other Pretakalpa passages on Yamadūtas and the reading of deeds (general)

B
Brahma
Ś
Śravaṇas

FAQs

This verse highlights that deeds are repeatedly examined as auspicious or inauspicious, emphasizing that moral causality is carefully assessed before outcomes are declared.

It indicates an administrative-spiritual process in the afterlife where divine recorders (Śravaṇas) evaluate and publicly recount a person’s conduct, forming the basis for what follows in the post-death journey.

Live with consistent ethical discipline—since actions are portrayed as reviewable and accountable—prioritizing dharmic choices and avoiding harmful conduct.