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Shloka 48

An Exposition of the Distinctions of Creation, Inert Matter, and the Lord

Devanagari script

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच / राशीभूतगुणानां तु त्रयणामपि सत्तम / तदा विमिश्रितत्वेन ह्यवस्थानं विदुर्बुधाः

Transliteration

śrīkṛṣṇa uvāca / rāśībhūtaguṇānāṃ tu trayaṇāmapi sattama / tadā vimiśritatvena hyavasthānaṃ vidurbudhāḥ

Translation

Śrī Kṛṣṇa sprach: O Bester der Tugendhaften, wenn die drei Guṇas sich zu einer einzigen Masse verdichten, wissen die Weisen, dass ihr Zustand dann ein gegenseitiges Vermischen ist.

Word by Word
श्रीकृष्णःŚrī Kṛṣṇa
श्रीकृष्णः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रीकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—श्री + कृष्ण (कर्मधारय)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
राशीभूतगुणानाम्of the qualities that have become aggregated
राशीभूतगुणानाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootराशीभूतगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; समासः—राशीभूत + गुण (तत्पुरुष)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थ
त्रयाणाम्of the three
त्रयाणाम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (गणनावाचक), षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), समुच्चय/अप्यर्थ
सत्तमO best of the good
सत्तम:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb)
विमिश्रितत्वेनby/through the state of being mixed
विमिश्रितत्वेन:
Karana (करण/Instrument-means)
TypeNoun
Rootविमिश्रितत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; भाववाचक-त्व प्रत्यय
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
अवस्थानम्the condition/state
अवस्थानम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअवस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
विदुःknow
विदुः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकारार्थे (present sense) परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; रूपम्—विदुः (irregular present)
बुधाःthe wise (people)
बुधाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootबुध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
Speaker

Śrī Kṛṣṇa

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: In dissolution, the three guṇas, though ‘heaped/consolidated’, persist as a mixed potential (vimiśritatva), not as differentiated functions.

Vedantic Theme: Causal state (kāraṇa-avasthā) where distinctions are latent; prakṛti’s guṇas remain but without manifest asymmetry.

Application: Recognize that mental states are guṇa-mixtures; cultivate sattva by observing mixtures rather than identifying with them.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: 3.4.47 (question on sāmya); 3.4.49 (transition to vaiṣamya at sṛṣṭi)

Characters & Entities
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
G
Guṇas (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas)

FAQs

This verse highlights that the three guṇas are not always separate; the wise recognize that lived experience and manifested states arise from their intermixture.

By stressing guṇic intermixture, it implies that a jīva’s tendencies and outcomes are shaped by blended sattva-rajas-tamas; spiritual progress involves discerning and refining this mixture toward sattva and clarity.

Observe which guṇa dominates your choices (clarity, restlessness, or inertia) and deliberately cultivate sattva through ethical conduct, discipline, and study to reduce harmful rajas-tamas mixtures.

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