Shloka 22

Gradations of Bliss and Knowledge; Lakṣmī’s Special Insight; The Rarity of Bhakti in Kali-yuga; Nīlā’s Vow and Śrīnivāsa Darśana

शेषो रुद्रो वीन्द्र एतैश्च सर्वे तमो मात्रे प्रविजानन्ति संस्थम् / वाणीदृष्टान्सविशेषान् गुणांस्ते जानन्ति नो सत्यमेवोक्तमङ्ग

śeṣo rudro vīndra etaiśca sarve tamo mātre pravijānanti saṃstham / vāṇīdṛṣṭānsaviśeṣān guṇāṃste jānanti no satyamevoktamaṅga

Śeṣa, Rudra und Indra — ja, all diese — erkennen Ihn als gegründet jenseits des bloßen Prinzips der Finsternis (tamas). Doch die besonderen Qualitäten, die durch Rede und Wahrnehmung erfasst werden, kennen sie nicht wahrhaft. So ist das Gesagte in der Tat die Wahrheit, o Geliebter.

śeṣaḥŚeṣa
śeṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular)
rudraḥRudra
rudraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrudra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
vīndraO Vīndra (Garuda)
vīndra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootvīndra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana
etaiḥby these
etaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga/napuṃsakaliṅga (Masc/Neut), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/3rd), Bahuvacana (Plural)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/particle)
sarveall
sarve:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
tamaḥdarkness (tamas)
tamaḥ:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottamas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana
mātrein the measure/degree
mātre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootmātrā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/7th), Ekavacana
pravijānantithey clearly know/recognize
pravijānanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√jñā (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (Present), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person), Bahuvacana
saṃsthamsituated/established
saṃstham:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃstha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of implied object (tamaḥ/harim etc. per context)
vāṇī-dṛṣṭānseen/known through words
vāṇī-dṛṣṭān:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāṇī + dṛṣṭa (कृदन्त; √dṛś + kta)
FormTatpuruṣa (ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa): vāṇyāḥ dṛṣṭān = 'seen by speech/words'; Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana
sa-viśeṣānwith specific distinctions
sa-viśeṣān:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa + viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya/Upapada-like: 'with distinctions'; Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; qualifies guṇān
guṇānqualities
guṇān:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
jānantiknow
jānanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√jñā (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (Present), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana
naḥof us/our
naḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive/6th), Bahuvacana; enclitic pronoun
satyamtruly
satyam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana (used adverbially: 'truly')
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvadhāraṇa-nipāta (emphatic particle)
uktamsaid/spoken
uktam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeAdjective
Root√vac (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
FormKta-participle (past passive participle), Napuṃsakaliṅga, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with satyam (implicit)
aṅgaO dear / indeed
aṅga:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaṅga (अव्यय/सम्बोधन-निपात)
FormSambodhana-nipāta (vocative particle)

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: The Supreme is beyond tamas; yet His distinctive particulars are not fully knowable through ordinary speech and perception—affirming the limits of pramāṇas.

Vedantic Theme: Apophatic boundary of language (vāg-indriya) and sense-perception; Bhagavān’s acintyatā.

Application: Practice humility in theological claims; balance scriptural study with contemplative silence; avoid reducing the Divine to purely conceptual or sensory categories.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: statements on the insufficiency of senses/speech for the Supreme (thematic)

S
Shesha
R
Rudra
I
Indra

FAQs

This verse implies that the Supreme is not confined to tamas (darkness/ignorance); spiritual understanding requires moving beyond tamasic limitation toward clearer knowledge of reality.

Even exalted beings like Śeṣa, Rudra, and Indra cannot fully know the Supreme’s specific attributes as captured by speech and perception—indicating the inadequacy of ordinary pramāṇas for ultimate reality.

Treat verbal claims and sensory impressions as limited; cultivate sattva through ethical living, discipline, and devotion so that understanding is not dominated by tamas (confusion, inertia, ignorance).