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Shloka 21

Means to Liberation: Supremacy of Hari, Proper Salutations, and Purāṇic Authority

Devanagari script

सूत उवाच / आदौ वन्द्यः सर्ववेदैकवेद्यो वेदे शास्त्रे सेतिहासे पुराणे / सत्तां प्रायो विष्णुरेवैक एव प्रकाशते ऽतो नम्य एको हरिर्हि

Transliteration

sūta uvāca / ādau vandyaḥ sarvavedaikavedyo vede śāstre setihāse purāṇe / sattāṃ prāyo viṣṇurevaika eva prakāśate 'to namya eko harirhi

Translation

Sūta sprach: „Zu Beginn ist der Eine zu verehren, der allein durch alle Veden erkannt wird. In Veda, Śāstra, Itihāsa und Purāṇa erscheint als höchste Wirklichkeit vor allem Viṣṇu allein; darum ist allein dem einen Hari die Verneigung darzubringen.“

Word by Word
sūtaḥSūta
sūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
ādauin the beginning
ādau:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
vandyaḥworthy of salutation
vandyaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvandya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective
sarva-veda-eka-vedyaḥknowable by the one Veda that is all the Vedas
sarva-veda-eka-vedyaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + veda (प्रातिपदिक) + eka (प्रातिपदिक) + vedya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); compound adjective qualifying the implied subject (Viṣṇu/Hari)
vedein the Veda
vede:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootveda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)
śāstrein the treatise
śāstre:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśāstra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)
sa-itihāsein (texts) together with Itihāsa
sa-itihāse:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsa (अव्यय/उपसर्गसदृश) + itihāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); ‘with Itihāsa’ sense
purāṇein the Purāṇa
purāṇe:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpurāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)
sattāmexistence/being
sattām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsattā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
prāyaḥgenerally/mostly
prāyaḥ:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāyaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
viṣṇuḥViṣṇu
viṣṇuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
evaindeed/only
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), Particle (निपात) of emphasis
ekaḥone
ekaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), Particle (निपात) of emphasis
prakāśateshines forth/is manifest
prakāśate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkāś (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद); with prefix pra- (प्र)
ataḥtherefore
ataḥ:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), Causal adverb (हेतु-अव्यय)
namyaḥto be bowed to
namyaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnamya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective
ekaḥone alone
ekaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
hariḥHari (Viṣṇu)
hariḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothari (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), Particle (निपात) giving emphasis/reason
Speaker

Sūta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Sarva-vedaika-vedya: Viṣṇu/Hari is the single knowable Reality chiefly revealed by all authoritative texts; therefore He is the primary object of reverence.

Vedantic Theme: Brahman/Īśvara as the one tattva; śāstra-tātparya (overall purport) culminating in the supreme Lord.

Application: Read diverse teachings through a unifying lens: seek the central purport (tātparya) and orient devotion/ethics toward the highest reality rather than fragmentary aims.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: scriptural horizon (Veda–Śāstra–Itihāsa–Purāṇa)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.1.22-23 (clarifying supremacy and relation of other deities)

Characters & Entities
S
Sūta
V
Viṣṇu
H
Hari
V
Vedas
Ś
Śāstras
I
Itihāsas
P
Purāṇas

FAQs

It asserts that across Veda, śāstra, Itihāsa, and Purāṇa, the ultimate Reality is chiefly revealed as Viṣṇu (Hari), who alone is worthy of worship.

By explicitly citing multiple scriptural categories—Veda, śāstra, Itihāsa, and Purāṇa—as consistently pointing to Viṣṇu as the primary revealed truth.

Ground one’s practice in a clear spiritual center: cultivate reverence, remembrance, and ethical living as offerings to Hari, aligning study and devotion with a single highest aim.

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