Shloka 5

Saṅkara-jāti-nirṇaya and Gṛhastha-ācāra: Daily Rites, Purity, Anadhyāya, and Food Discipline

Devanagari script

शूद्रादयोगवं वैश्या जनयामास वै सुतम् / माहिष्येण करण्यां तु रथकारः प्रजायते

Transliteration

śūdrādayogavaṃ vaiśyā janayāmāsa vai sutam / māhiṣyeṇa karaṇyāṃ tu rathakāraḥ prajāyate

Translation

Aus einem Śūdra und einer Vaiśyā-Frau wird ein Sohn geboren, Ayogava genannt; und aus einem Māhiṣya-Mann mit einer Karaṇī-Frau entsteht ein Rathakāra, der Wagenbauer.

Word by Word

• शूद्रात्: from a Śūdra
• शूद्रात्: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन

• अयोगवम्: an Ayogava (offspring/caste-name)
• अयोगवम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अयोगव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• वैश्यā: a Vaiśyā woman
• वैश्यā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• जनयामास: gave birth to / produced
• जनयामास: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle/emphasis)

• सुतम्: a son
• सुतम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• माहिष्येण: by/through a Māhiṣya (man)
• माहिष्येण: Karana (Instrument/Means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माहिष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• करण्याम्: a Karaṇī woman
• करण्याम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: करणी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• तु: but/and
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (adversative/contrast particle)

• रथकारः: a chariot-maker (Rathakāra)
• रथकारः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथकार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• प्रजायते: is born / comes into being
• प्रजायते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Mixed-union progeny are named and situated within a dharma-social taxonomy; occupation and status are linked to lineage rules.

Vedantic Theme: Prakriti-based social ordering (guna/karma as expressed through birth and vocation) within pravritti-dharma; not a direct moksha teaching.

Application: Use as a normative reference in discussions of marriage rules, community identity, and hereditary crafts (e.g., rathakara) in a dharma-legal context.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.96.6 (mixed unions and status elevation); Garuda Purana 1.96.7-9 (smarta duties and daily rites)

Characters & Entities

• Ayogava
• Māhiṣya
• Karaṇī
• Rathakāra
• Śūdra
• Vaiśyā

FAQs

What is the importance of jāti/varna classifications in this Garuda Purana verse?

This verse functions as a genealogical definition, naming specific communities (Ayogava, Rathakāra) as arising from particular inter-varna unions, reflecting the text’s dharma-style cataloging of social categories.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death in the Garuda Purana?

It does not directly describe the soul’s post-death journey; instead, it belongs to a section outlining social/genealogical classifications, which the Purana often connects to dharma and conduct rather than immediate afterlife geography.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Read it as a historical-dharmic taxonomy within the text: focus on ethical conduct (dharma) and one’s duties, rather than using such classifications for harm or discrimination.