Shloka 34

Saṃsāra-cakra, Preta’s 12-day Transit to Yama, Re-embodiment, and Karma-Vipāka Catalog of Sins and Rebirths

Devanagari script

परनिन्दा कृतघ्नत्वं परसीमाभिघातनम् / नैष्ठुर्यं निर्घृणत्वञ्च परदारोपसेवनम्

Transliteration

paranindā kṛtaghnatvaṃ parasīmābhighātanam / naiṣṭhuryaṃ nirghṛṇatvañca paradāropasevanam

Translation

Andere zu verleumden, Undankbarkeit, das Überschreiten fremder Grenzen und Bereiche, Härte, Grausamkeit und der Umgang mit der Frau eines anderen—dies alles gilt als sündhafte Tat.

Word by Word

• परनिन्दा: censure of others
• परनिन्दा: Karta (कर्ता/Item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + निन्दा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (परस्य निन्दा)

• कृतघ्नत्वम्: ingratitude
• कृतघ्नत्वम्: Karta (कर्ता/Item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतघ्न (प्रातिपदिक) + त्व (तद्धित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; भाववाचक-तद्धित (abstract noun)

• परसीमाभिघातनम्: encroaching/assaulting another’s boundary
• परसीमाभिघातनम्: Karta (कर्ता/Item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + सीमा (प्रातिपदिक) + अभिघातन (प्रातिपदिक; √हन् (धातु) उपसर्ग अभि-; ल्युट्/अन-प्रत्यय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (परस्य सीमायाः अभिघातनम् = 'violating another’s boundary')

• नैष्ठुर्यम्: harshness
• नैष्ठुर्यम्: Karta (कर्ता/Item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नैष्ठुर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भाववाचक (abstract)

• निर्घृणत्वम्: mercilessness
• निर्घृणत्वम्: Karta (कर्ता/Item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्घृण (प्रातिपदिक) + त्व (तद्धित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भाववाचक-तद्धित

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• परदारोपसेवनम्: consorting with another’s wife
• परदारोपसेवनम्: Karta (कर्ता/Item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + दार (प्रातिपदिक) + उपसेवन (प्रातिपदिक; √सेव् (धातु) उपसर्ग उप-; ल्युट्/अन-प्रत्यय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (परदाराणाम् उपसेवनम्)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Certain behaviors are intrinsically pāpa: slander, ingratitude, trespass/encroachment, harshness, cruelty, and adultery.

Vedantic Theme: Ethical purification (citta-śuddhi) as prerequisite for higher knowledge; harm through speech and desire binds the self to saṃsāra.

Application: Practice truthful and non-harmful speech; cultivate gratitude; respect others’ property/limits; develop compassion; maintain marital fidelity and sexual responsibility.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: pāpa lists and their fruits in Pretakalpa; Garuda Purana: sadācāra sections emphasizing speech ethics and restraint

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of listing sins in Garuda Purana?

This verse functions as a dharma-checklist: it identifies specific behaviors—like slander, ingratitude, cruelty, and adultery—that generate pāpa and lead to negative karmic consequences described elsewhere in the Garuda Purana.

How does this verse connect to Yama’s judgment and afterlife consequences?

While this line primarily names the faults, the Garuda Purana’s broader narrative links such pāpa to post-death accountability under Yama’s order, where actions are weighed and corresponding results are experienced.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Avoid harming others through speech (no slander), honor gratitude, respect boundaries and property, cultivate compassion over cruelty, and uphold marital fidelity—these strengthen dharmic living and reduce harmful karma.