Shloka 1

Nidāna of Vātarakta and Āvaraṇa of Vāyu; Doṣa-wise Lakṣaṇas and Triphalā-Yoga Remedies

Devanagari script

नाम षटूषष्ट्यधिकशततमो ऽध्यायः धन्वन्तरीरुवाच / वातरक्तनिदानं ते वक्ष्ये सुश्रुत तच्छृणु / विरुद्धाध्यशनक्रोधदिवास्वप्नप्रजागरैः

Transliteration

nāma ṣaṭūṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ dhanvantarīruvāca / vātaraktanidānaṃ te vakṣye suśruta tacchṛṇu / viruddhādhyaśanakrodhadivāsvapnaprajāgaraiḥ

Translation

Dies ist das Kapitel einhundertsiebenundsechzig. Dhanvantari sprach: „O Suśruta, ich werde dir die Ursachen von vātarakta (Leiden von vāta und Blut) darlegen; höre. Es entsteht durch unverträgliche Speisen, durch Übermaß oder Essen zur Unzeit, durch Zorn, durch Schlaf am Tage und durch nächtliches Wachen.“

Word by Word

• नाम: (called)
• नाम: Sambandha/Discourse (metalinguistic)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: संज्ञासूचक-अव्यय (indeclinable introducing title: ‘named’)

• षट्-षष्टि-अधिक-शत-तमः: one hundred and sixty-sixth
• षट्-षष्टि-अधिक-शत-तमः: Karta (Predicate adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षट् (संख्या) + षष्टि (संख्या) + अधिक (प्रातिपदिक) + शत (संख्या) + तम (तद्धित/प्रत्यय ‘ordinal-superlative’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (संख्यासमास/क्रमवाचक: 166th)

• अध्यायः: chapter
• अध्यायः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• धन्वन्तरिः: Dhanvantari
• धन्वन्तरिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्वन्तरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु ‘वचने’)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• वात-रक्त-निदानम्: the causes of vātarakta
• वात-रक्त-निदानम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात (प्रातिपदिक) + रक्त (प्रातिपदिक) + निदान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: वातरक्तस्य निदानम्)

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• वक्ष्ये: I will explain
• वक्ष्ये: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु ‘वचने’)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st), एकवचन

• सुश्रुत: O Suśruta
• सुश्रुत: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुश्रुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• शृणु: listen
• शृणु: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (धातु ‘श्रवणे’)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन

• विरुद्ध-अध्यशन-क्रोध-दिवास्वप्न-प्रजागरैः: by incompatible (diet), overeating, anger, daytime sleep, and night-waking
• विरुद्ध-अध्यशन-क्रोध-दिवास्वप्न-प्रजागरैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विरुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + अध्यशन (प्रातिपदिक) + क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक) + दिवास्वप्न (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रजागर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्व (समाहार-द्वन्द्व; करण-प्रयोग)

Speaker

Dhanvantari

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nidāna-parivarjana: disease arises from avoidable causes—viruddhāhāra, adhyāśana, krodha, divāsvapna, prajāgara—so restraint and right regimen are preventive dharma toward the body.

Vedantic Theme: Karma at the level of habit: repeated choices condition suffering; self-mastery (dama) supports clarity (sattva).

Application: Avoid incompatible food combinations, untimely overeating, chronic anger, daytime sleeping, and night-waking to prevent vātarakta predisposition.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.167 (vātarakta nidāna section)

Characters & Entities

• Dhanvantari
• Sushruta

FAQs

What is the importance of vātarakta-nidāna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames vātarakta as preventable by identifying concrete causes—dietary incompatibility and lifestyle errors—showing the Purana’s practical Ayurvedic guidance.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not discuss the after-death journey here; instead it teaches bodily discipline (āhāra–vihāra) as part of dharmic living, which supports clarity and steadiness of mind.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Avoid incompatible food combinations, reduce overeating, manage anger, keep regular sleep (avoid day-sleep and late-night waking), and follow a stable routine.