Shloka 10

Visarpa Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa

Causes, Types, and Prognosis of Rapidly Spreading Eruptive Disorders

Devanagari script

शान्ताङ्गारासितो नीलो रक्तो वासु च चीयते / अग्निदग्ध इव स्फोटैः शीघ्रगत्वाद्द्रुतं स च

Transliteration

śāntāṅgārāsito nīlo rakto vāsu ca cīyate / agnidagdha iva sphoṭaiḥ śīghragatvāddrutaṃ sa ca

Translation

Seine Farbe wird wie erloschene Kohle—dunkel, bläulich und dann rötlich—und es breitet sich über den Körper aus. Blasen entstehen, als wäre das Fleisch vom Feuer verbrannt; und weil es sich rasch bewegt, wird es schnell schwerwiegend.

Word by Word

• शान्त: quenched, cooled
• शान्त: Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शान्त (कृदन्त; √शम् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) ‘शान्त’ = pacified/quenched

• अङ्गार: coal, ember
• अङ्गार: Samasa-member (Compound component/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्गार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (पूर्वपद)

• असितः: black like quenched embers
• असितः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: असित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘शान्त-अङ्गार-असितः’ = शान्ताङ्गारवत् असितः (तत्पुरुष-समास)

• नीलः: blue
• नीलः: Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• रक्तः: red
• रक्तः: Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (particle of alternative)

• असु: in the life-breath (in vitality)
• असु: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; ‘असु’ = प्राण (life-breath)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• चीयते: is accumulated / builds up
• चीयते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चि (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

• अग्नि: fire
• अग्नि: Samasa-member (Compound component/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (पूर्वपद)

• दग्धः: burnt by fire
• दग्धः: Upamana (Standard of comparison/उपमान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दग्ध (कृदन्त; √दह् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त); ‘अग्नि-दग्धः’ = अग्निना दग्धः (तत्पुरुष)

• इव: like
• इव: Upama-marker (Comparison/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमावाचक-अव्यय (comparative particle)

• स्फोटैः: with blisters
• स्फोटैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्फोट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन

• शीघ्र: quick
• शीघ्र: Samasa-member (Compound component/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीघ्र (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासाङ्ग (पूर्वपद); ‘शीघ्र-गत्-वाद्’ इत्यत्र ‘शीघ्र’ = quick

• गत्वात्: because of having moved quickly
• गत्वात्: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: गत्वा (अव्यय; √गम् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund) ‘having gone’; अत्र ‘शीघ्रगत्वात्’ इति हेतौ पञ्चमी-प्रायः प्रयोगः (from/owing to quick movement)

• द्रुतम्: swiftly
• द्रुतम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: द्रुत (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)

• सः: he/it (that condition)
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Accurate observation of disease signs (varna-parivartana, sphoṭa, śīghragati) to recognize severity.

Vedantic Theme: Deha-anityatā (the body’s fragility) as a prompt for discernment.

Application: Treat as urgent; note rapid spread and burn-like blisters as danger signs requiring immediate care and cooling/anti-inflammatory measures per vaidya guidance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.163 (Ayurvedic nidāna-lakṣaṇa context for vīsarpa)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu

FAQs

What is the importance of vīsarpa descriptions in the Garuda Purana?

These verses preserve traditional diagnostic markers—color change, blistering, and rapid spread—used to recognize a dangerous condition early.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not describe the soul’s journey here; instead, it teaches dharmic attentiveness to bodily suffering and timely response to severe illness.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat rapidly spreading, blistering eruptions as urgent—seek prompt medical care and avoid neglecting early warning signs.