Shloka 4

Udara-roga Nidāna: Causes, Doṣa-Types, Spleen/Liver Enlargement, and Udakodara

Devanagari script

पृथग्दोषैः समस्तौश्च प्लीहवङ्क्षक्षतोदकैः / तेनार्ताः शुष्कताल्वोष्ठाः सर्वपादकरोदराः

Transliteration

pṛthagdoṣaiḥ samastauśca plīhavaṅkṣakṣatodakaiḥ / tenārtāḥ śuṣkatālvoṣṭhāḥ sarvapādakarodarāḥ

Translation

Von den Doṣa — einzeln oder alle zusammen — sowie von Leiden wie Milzerkrankung, Flankenschmerz und Auszehrung mit unnatürlichem Flüssigkeitsverlust gequält, geraten sie in Not. Gaumen und Lippen werden trocken, und Füße, Hände und Bauch sind allesamt betroffen (geschwollen oder gespannt).

Word by Word

• पृथक्: separately
• पृथक्: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: separately)

• दोषैः: by doṣas (humors)
• दोषैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन

• समस्तैः: collectively (all together)
• समस्तैः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• प्लीह-वङ्क्ष-क्षत-उदकैः: by (conditions of) spleen, groin, injury, and fluid (dropsy)
• प्लीह-वङ्क्ष-क्षत-उदकैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्लीह (प्रातिपदिक) + वङ्क्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षत (प्रातिपदिक) + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (प्लीहादीनि)

• तेन: thereby, by that
• तेन: Karana/Hetu (Instrument/Cause/करण-हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• आर्ताः: afflicted
• आर्ताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• शुष्क-तालु-ओष्ठाः: having dry palate and lips
• शुष्क-तालु-ओष्ठाः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुष्क (प्रातिपदिक) + तालु (प्रातिपदिक) + ओष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (शुष्के तालु-ओष्ठे यस्य)

• सर्व-पाद-कर-उदराः: with swelling of all feet, hands, and abdomen
• सर्व-पाद-कर-उदराः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + पाद (प्रातिपदिक) + कर (प्रातिपदिक) + उदर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहि-समासः (सर्वे पादाः कराः उदरं च यस्य/येषाम्)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Disease can be dosha-specific or tridoshic; organ involvement (spleen/flanks) and fluid derangement manifest as dryness and generalized swelling—observe systemic signs, not isolated symptoms.

Vedantic Theme: Interdependence (paraspara-sambandha) of parts within the body; holistic seeing as right knowledge.

Application: When dryness of lips/palate and swelling of extremities accompany abdominal issues, treat as systemic pathology; evaluate fluid balance, organ enlargement, and multi-dosha involvement promptly.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.161.1-3 (mandagni → mala-sanchaya → vayu dushti → udararoga classification)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of bodily death-signs in the Garuda Purana?

This verse lists specific physical deteriorations (dry palate/lips, systemic affliction and swelling-like symptoms) used as traditional indicators that life-force is failing, prompting timely dharmic preparations and rites.

How does this verse connect to the Garuda Purana’s description of the preta state?

It frames a cluster of debilitating symptoms as preta-like markers, implying the person’s vitality is collapsing toward the transitional condition discussed in the Garuda Purana’s after-death narrative.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder for timely spiritual and family duties—settling obligations, remembering dharma, and arranging last rites—rather than delaying until the final crisis.