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Shloka 17

Budhāṣṭamī / Mahārudra Vrata: Procedure, Mantra, and the Story of Kauśika and Vijayā

Devanagari script

कन्यां च युवतीं दृष्ट्वा कस्मै देया सुता मया / यमायेत्यब्रवीद्दुः खात्साचाराद्व्रतसत्फलात्

Transliteration

kanyāṃ ca yuvatīṃ dṛṣṭvā kasmai deyā sutā mayā / yamāyetyabravīdduḥ khātsācārādvratasatphalāt

Translation

Als er seine Tochter herangewachsen und zur jungen Frau geworden sah, beklagte er sich: „Wem soll ich meine Tochter geben?“ Und in seiner Bedrängnis sprach er: „Yama.“ Durch rechtes Verhalten und den Verdienst heiliger Gelübde trat die Folge dieses Wortes in Kraft.

Word by Word
कन्याम्a maiden/daughter
कन्याम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
युवतीम्a young woman
युवतीम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयुवती (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Kriya (Gerundial action/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया
कस्मैto whom?
कस्मै:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (सम्प्रदान), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
देयाto be given
देया:
Vidhana (Predicate qualifier/विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootदेय (प्रातिपदिक; √दा धातोः)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (gerundive/कर्तव्यता)
सुताdaughter
सुता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन
मयाby me
मया:
Karta/Agent (Agent expressed in instr./कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/कर्तृ-हेतु), एकवचन
यमायto Yama
यमाय:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (सम्प्रदान), एकवचन
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-निपात (quotative particle)
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
दुःखात्from sorrow
दुःखात्:
Apadana (Source/cause/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), एकवचन
साचारात्from good conduct
साचारात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootसाचार (प्रातिपदिक; स + आचार)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—उपपद-तत्पुरुष (सहितः आचारः)
व्रतसत्फलात्from the good fruit of the vow
व्रतसत्फलात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत + सत् + फल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (व्रतस्य सत्फलम्)
Speaker

Narrator (within the Vishnu–Garuda dialogue context)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vāk-karman: even an utterance made in distress can fructify, especially when supported by prior sat-ācāra and vrata-puṇya.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-phala-niyati under īśvara; saṃskāra-backed intention and speech shape future experience.

Application: Guard speech in grief; cultivate sat-ācāra and vrata so that life-decisions align with dharma rather than impulsive fear.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: emphasis on sat-ācāra and vrata as determinants of gati; Garuda Purana: teachings on the power of nāma/ucchāraṇa and vāk-doṣa (speech faults) leading to consequences

Characters & Entities
Y
Yama

FAQs

This verse links vrata and sadācāra with “sat-phala” (effective merit), implying that disciplined observances generate real karmic outcomes that can shape events—even through one’s words.

The distressed statement “to Yama” is portrayed as becoming consequential; the verse suggests that speech, especially when backed by accumulated merit or moral force, can produce binding results.

Practice ethical conduct and sincere observances, and be careful with impulsive words in grief or anger—speech can set intentions and consequences in motion.

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