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Shloka 1

Budhāṣṭamī / Mahārudra Vrata: Procedure, Mantra, and the Story of Kauśika and Vijayā

Devanagari script

(इति कृष्णाष्टमीव्रतम्) / ना मैकत्रिंशदुत्तरशततमो ऽध्यायः ब्रह्मोवाच / नक्ताशी त्वष्टमीं यावद्वर्षान्ते चैव धेनुदः / पौरन्दरपदं याति सद्गतिव्रतमुच्यते !

Transliteration

(iti kṛṣṇāṣṭamīvratam) / nā maikatriṃśaduttaraśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ brahmovāca / naktāśī tvaṣṭamīṃ yāvadvarṣānte caiva dhenudaḥ / paurandarapadaṃ yāti sadgativratamucyate !

Translation

So endet das Gelübde der Kṛṣṇāṣṭamī. Brahmā sprach: Wer den achten Mondtag hält, indem er nur nachts speist, und am Jahresende eine Kuh spendet, gelangt zur Stellung Purandaras (Indras). Dies heißt das Gelübde, das zur guten Bestimmung (sadgati) führt.

Word by Word
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation marker/इति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; इत्यादि-समाप्तिसूचक (quotative/end marker)
कृष्णाष्टमीव्रतम्the Kṛṣṇāṣṭamī vow
कृष्णाष्टमीव्रतम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण + अष्टमी + व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (कृष्णायाः अष्टम्याः व्रतम्)
नnot
न:
Kriya-nishedha (Negation/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपात
नामindeed / namely
नाम:
Prayojaka (Emphasis/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; खलु/इति-प्रायः (emphatic particle)
एकत्रिंशदुत्तरशततमःthe one-hundred-and-thirty-first (ordinal)
एकत्रिंशदुत्तरशततमः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएकत्रिंशत् + उत्तर + शत + तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; संख्यावाचक-समासः (शतस्य उत्तरं एकत्रिंशत् = 131) + तमप् (ordinal)
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/कर्ता), एकवचन
ब्रह्माBrahmā
ब्रह्मा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/कर्ता), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
नक्ताशीone who eats at night (night-eater)
नक्ताशी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootनक्त + आशी (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः; ‘आशिन्’ (अश् धातु, णिनि) = ‘eater’; नक्तं आशिन् = one who eats at night
तुindeed / but
तु:
Sambandha (Particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/विरोध-निपात (but/indeed)
अष्टमीम्the eighth lunar day (Aṣṭamī)
अष्टमीम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टमी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/कर्म), एकवचन
यावत्until / as long as
यावत्:
Kala-adhikarana (Temporal/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारणार्थक/परिमाणवाचक (until/as long as)
वर्षान्तेat the end of the year
वर्षान्ते:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/अधिकरण), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (वर्षस्य अन्तः)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात
एवindeed / only
एव:
Prayojaka (Emphasis/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण-निपात (only/indeed)
धेनुदःa giver of a cow
धेनुदः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु + द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/कर्ता), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (धेनुं ददाति इति)
पौरन्दरपदम्the status/realm of Purandara (Indra)
पौरन्दरपदम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपौरन्दर + पद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/कर्म), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पौरन्दरस्य पदम्)
यातिgoes / attains
याति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
सद्गतिव्रतम्the vow leading to a good destination
सद्गतिव्रतम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् + गति + व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (सद्गतये व्रतम् / सद्गतिः यस्य व्रतम्)
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगः (passive), आत्मनेपदम्
Speaker

Brahma

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Svarga

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vrata (Kṛṣṇāṣṭamī) with niyama (night-only eating) and dāna (cow-gift at year’s end) yields heavenly attainment; disciplined action shapes destiny.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-kāṇḍa efficacy: puṇya accrues through vrata and dāna; ‘sadgati’ as fruit within saṃsāra (not final mokṣa).

Application: Observe periodic fasting/regulated diet with devotional intent; practice meaningful charity (supporting sustenance and dharmic livelihoods); keep vows sustainable and ethically sourced.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: celestial abode/position

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: vrata-kathā and phalaśruti sections describing aṣṭamī observances and dāna leading to svarga/sadgati (general motif)

Characters & Entities
B
Brahma
P
Purandara (Indra)

FAQs

This verse defines Sadgati-vrata as a disciplined Aṣṭamī observance with night-only eating and concludes it with go-dāna, promising an elevated post-mortem destiny.

It links ethical-ritual discipline (vrata) and charitable giving (cow donation) to karmic results after death, described here as reaching Indra’s realm/status (paurandara-pada).

Practice periodic self-restraint (fasting/regulated diet) with sincere charity; the teaching emphasizes that disciplined living plus giving produces uplifting karmic outcomes.

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