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Shloka 12

Nīti on Friendship (Mitra), Discretion, Restraint, Health-Regimens, Prosperity (Śrī), and Family Dharma

Devanagari script

पराधीना निद्रा परदृदयकृत्यानुसरणं सदा हेला हास्यं नियतमपि शोकेन रहितम् / पणे न्यस्तः कायो विटजनखुरैर्दारितगलो बहूत्कण्ठवृतिर्जगति गणिक्राया बहुमतः

Transliteration

parādhīnā nidrā paradṛdayakṛtyānusaraṇaṃ sadā helā hāsyaṃ niyatamapi śokena rahitam / paṇe nyastaḥ kāyo viṭajanakhurairdāritagalo bahūtkaṇṭhavṛtirjagati gaṇikrāyā bahumataḥ

Translation

Ihr Schlaf hängt von anderen ab; stets wird sie gezwungen, den Forderungen fremder Herzen zu folgen. Immerfort gibt es achtloses Lachen und erzwungene Heiterkeit, doch ohne wahre Trauer. Ihr Leib wird im Spiel verpfändet; ihre Kehle wird von den Hufen lüsterner Männer aufgerissen. Von vielen „Kehlen“ (vielen Gönnern) lebend, gilt die Kurtisane in der Welt dennoch als „hoch geschätzt“.

Word by Word
पराधीनाdependent on others
पराधीना:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर + अधीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (परस्य अधीना = dependent on others)
निद्राsleep
निद्रा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनिद्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
परदृदयकृत्यानुसरणम्following others’ heart’s tasks/wishes
परदृदयकृत्यानुसरणम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपर + हृदय + कृत्य + अनुसरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष (परस्य हृदयस्य कृत्यानाम् अनुसरणम् = following others' wishes/acts)
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana (Adverbial/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
हेलाdisdain/indifference
हेला:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहेला (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
हास्यम्laughter/mockery
हास्यम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहास्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
नियतम्constant/regular
नियतम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनियत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणार्थे (as predicate adjective: constant)
अपिeven/also
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअप्यर्थक निपात (even/also)
शोकेनwith sorrow
शोकेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootशोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
रहितम्devoid of
रहितम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरहित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तृतीया-सम्बन्ध (शोकेन रहितम् = devoid of sorrow)
पणेin a wager/for a stake
पणे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
न्यस्तःplaced/laid down
न्यस्तः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि√अस् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि-क्त (past passive participle: placed)
कायःbody
कायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकाय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
विटजनखुरैःby the hooves/feet of vile men
विटजनखुरैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootविट + जन + खुर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (विटजनानां खुराः = hooves/feet of debauched men)
दारितगलःwith a torn throat/neck
दारितगलः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदारित + गल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (दारितः गलः यस्य = having a torn throat/neck); दारित = √दृ (धातु) + क्त (PPP)
बहूत्कण्ठवृतिःa livelihood of much yearning
बहूत्कण्ठवृतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबहु + उत्कण्ठा + वृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (बह्वी उत्कण्ठा यस्याः वृत्तिः = livelihood with much longing)
जगतिin the world
जगति:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootजगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
गणिक्रायाःof a courtesan
गणिक्रायाः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootगणिका (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
बहुमतःmuch esteemed
बहुमतः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुमत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्तरि-भावे (well-regarded)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Worldly society commodifies bodies and masks suffering with performative mirth; apparent honor can coexist with deep harm.

Vedantic Theme: Māyā of social prestige (loka-yaśas) and the bondage of kāma/artha; duḥkha arising from identification with body and transactional relations.

Application: Cultivate compassion and social responsibility; oppose exploitation; recognize performative happiness as possible trauma; practice ethical sexuality and non-harm.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.114.13 (catalog of swift dangers; social hazards)

FAQs

This verse functions as a dharmic warning: it exposes how a life driven by others’ desires and vice (kāma, gambling, exploitation) leads to bondage, humiliation, and hidden suffering even when society calls it “valuable.”

By highlighting dependence, compulsive compliance, and bodily/mental injury caused by vice, the verse indicates how desire-based livelihoods intensify karmic entanglement, which the Garuda Purana later connects to painful post-death consequences.

Avoid livelihoods and habits that commodify the body or exploit desire; cultivate self-restraint and compassion, and choose ethical means of living that reduce harm and karmic bondage.

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