Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 17

Devotion in Kimpuruṣa-varṣa and the Glory of Bhārata-varṣa

Rāmacandra & Nara-Nārāyaṇa; Rivers, Varṇāśrama, and Liberation

एतासामपो भारत्य: प्रजा नामभिरेव पुनन्तीनामात्मना चोपस्पृशन्ति ॥ १७ ॥ चन्द्रवसा ताम्रपर्णी अवटोदा कृतमाला वैहायसी कावेरी वेणी पयस्विनी शर्करावर्ता तुङ्गभद्रा कृष्णा वेण्या भीमरथी गोदावरी निर्विन्ध्या पयोष्णी तापी रेवा सुरसा नर्मदा चर्मण्वती सिन्धुरन्ध: शोणश्च नदौ महानदी वेदस्मृतिऋर्षिकुल्या त्रिसामा कौशिकी मन्दाकिनी यमुना सरस्वती द‍ृषद्वती गोमती सरयू रोधस्वती सप्तवती सुषोमा शतद्रूश्चन्द्रभागा मरुद्‍वृधा वितस्ता असिक्नी विश्‍वेति महानद्य: ॥ १८ ॥

etāsām apo bhāratyaḥ prajā nāmabhir eva punantīnām ātmanā copaspṛśanti; candravasā tāmraparṇī avaṭodā kṛtamālā vaihāyasī kāverī veṇī payasvinī śarkarāvartā tuṅgabhadrā kṛṣṇāveṇyā bhīmarathī godāvarī nirvindhyā payoṣṇī tāpī revā surasā narmadā carmaṇvatī sindhur andhaḥ śoṇaś ca nadau mahānadī vedasmṛtir ṛṣikulyā trisāmā kauśikī mandākinī yamunā sarasvatī dṛṣadvatī gomatī sarayū rodhasvatī saptavatī suṣomā śatadrūś candrabhāgā marudvṛdhā vitastā asiknī viśveti mahā-nadyaḥ.

Zwei der Flüsse – der Brahmaputra und der Śoṇa – werden Nadas oder Hauptflüsse genannt. Dies sind andere große Flüsse, die sehr bekannt sind: Candravasā, Tāmraparṇī, Avaṭodā, Kṛtamālā, Vaihāyasī, Kāverī, Veṇī, Payasvinī, Śarkarāvartā, Tuṅgabhadrā, Kṛṣṇāveṇyā, Bhīmarathī, Godāvarī, Nirvindhyā, Payoṣṇī, Tāpī, Revā, Surasā, Narmadā, Carmaṇvatī, Mahānadī, Vedasmṛti, Ṛṣikulyā, Trisāmā, Kauśikī, Mandākinī, Yamunā, Sarasvatī, Dṛṣadvatī, Gomatī, Sarayū, Rodhasvatī, Saptavatī, Suṣomā, Śatadrū, Candrabhāgā, Marudvṛdhā, Vitastā, Asiknī und Viśvā. Die Bewohner von Bhārata-varṣa werden gereinigt, weil sie sich immer an diese Flüsse erinnern, sie berühren und in ihnen baden.

etāsāmof these
etāsām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (एतद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (Gen.6), Bahuvacana
apaḥwaters
apaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootap (अप् प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (plural-only), Prathamā (Nom.1), Bahuvacana
bhāratyaḥof Bhārata
bhāratyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhāratī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; agrees with apaḥ
prajāḥpeople
prajāḥ:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc.2), Bahuvacana
nāmabhiḥby (their) names
nāmabhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootnāman (नामन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsakalिङ्ग, Tṛtīyā (Instr.3), Bahuvacana
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; avadhāraṇa (emphasis)
punantīnāmof those purifying (waters)
punantīnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive qualifier)
TypeVerb
Rootpū (पू धातु)
FormVartamāna-kṛdanta (present active participle) ‘punantī’ + Ṣaṣṭhī Bahuvacana (gen.pl.) feminine; ‘of (the waters) that purify’
ātmanāby oneself
ātmanā:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (आत्मन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instr.3), Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
upaspṛśantitouch/perform ablution
upaspṛśanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootupa + spṛś (स्पृश् धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana
candravasāCandravasā (river)
candravasā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition to nadyaḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootcandravasā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name (list item)
tāmraparṇīTāmraparṇī
tāmraparṇī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottāmra (प्रातिपदिक) + parṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
avaṭodāAvaṭodā
avaṭodā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootavaṭodā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
kṛtamālāKṛtamālā
kṛtamālā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + mālā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
vaihāyasīVaihāyasī
vaihāyasī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvaihāyasī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
kāverīKāverī
kāverī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkāverī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
veṇīVeṇī
veṇī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootveṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
payasvinīPayasvinī
payasvinī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootpayasvinī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
śarkarāvartāŚarkarāvartā
śarkarāvartā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśarkarā (प्रातिपदिक) + āvarta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
tuṅgabhadrāTuṅgabhadrā
tuṅgabhadrā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottuṅga (प्रातिपदिक) + bhadrā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
kṛṣṇā-veṇyāKṛṣṇā(-Veṇyā)
kṛṣṇā-veṇyā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇā (प्रातिपदिक) + veṇyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana (collective listing); river name(s) ‘Kṛṣṇā and Veṇyā’ (as read in IAST)
bhīmarathīBhīmarathī
bhīmarathī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootbhīma (प्रातिपदिक) + rathī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
godāvarīGodāvarī
godāvarī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootgodāvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
nirvindhyāNirvindhyā
nirvindhyā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootnirvindhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
payoṣṇīPayoṣṇī
payoṣṇī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootpayoṣṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
tāpīTāpī
tāpī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottāpī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
revāRevā
revā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootrevā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
surasāSurasā
surasā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsurasā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
narmadāNarmadā
narmadā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootnarmadā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
carmaṇvatīCarmaṇvatī
carmaṇvatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootcarmaṇvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
sindhuḥSindhu (Indus)
sindhuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsindhu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
andhaḥAndha (river)
andhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootandha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
śoṇaḥŚoṇa
śoṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśoṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
nadau(two) rivers
nadau:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Dvivacana; here list item ‘two rivers’ (dual)
mahānadīMahānadī
mahānadī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
vedasmṛtiḥVeda-smṛti (river)
vedasmṛtiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootveda (प्रातिपदिक) + smṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name (as a compound name)
ṛṣikulyāṚṣikulyā
ṛṣikulyā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक) + kulyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
trisāmāTrisāmā
trisāmā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक) + sāmā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
kauśikīKauśikī
kauśikī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkauśikī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
mandākinīMandākinī
mandākinī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmandākinī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
yamunāYamunā
yamunā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootyamunā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
sarasvatīSarasvatī
sarasvatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsarasvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
dṛṣadvatīDṛṣadvatī
dṛṣadvatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootdṛṣadvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
gomatīGomatī
gomatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootgomatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
sarayūSarayū
sarayū:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsarayū (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
rodhasvatīRodhasvatī
rodhasvatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootrodhasvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
saptavatīSaptavatī
saptavatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsaptavatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
suṣomāSuṣomā
suṣomā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsuṣomā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
śatadrūḥŚatadrū
śatadrūḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśatadrū (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
candrabhāgāCandrabhāgā
candrabhāgā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootcandra (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāgā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
marudvṛdhāMarudvṛdhā
marudvṛdhā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmarut (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛdhā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
vitastāVitastā
vitastā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvitastā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
asiknīAsiknī
asiknī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootasiknī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
viśvāViśvā (river)
viśvā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootviśvā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name (as in list)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; list-closure
mahā-nadyaḥgreat rivers
mahā-nadyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; ‘great rivers’ (heading for list)

All these rivers are transcendental. Therefore one can be purified by remembering them, touching them or bathing in them. This practice is still going on.

K
King Parīkṣit

FAQs

In this verse, Śukadeva explains that the rivers of Bhārata-varṣa are so purifying that even chanting their names cleanses a person, and physical contact with their waters purifies as well.

While describing Bhārata-varṣa and its holy places, Śukadeva teaches Parīkṣit that tīrthas aid purification and devotion—highlighting the sanctity of the land where bhakti is practiced.

Remember and recite the holy names of sacred tīrthas with faith, and cultivate inner purity through devotional practices—using remembrance as a practical form of spiritual connection.