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Shloka 19

Yayāti, Devayānī, Śarmiṣṭhā, and the Exchange of Youth: The Unsatisfied Nature of Desire

दत्त्वा स्वमुत्तरं वासस्तस्यै राजा विवाससे । गृहीत्वा पाणिना पाणिमुज्जहार दयापर: ॥ १९ ॥

dattvā svam uttaraṁ vāsas tasyai rājā vivāsase gṛhītvā pāṇinā pāṇim ujjahāra dayā-paraḥ

Als der König Devayānī nackt im Brunnen sah, gab er ihr sogleich sein Obergewand. Voller Mitgefühl ergriff er ihre Hand und zog sie heraus.

दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund); having given
स्वम्his own
स्वम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म) एकवचन; adjective to उत्तरम्
उत्तरम्upper (cloth)
उत्तरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म) एकवचन; ‘upper (garment)’
वासःgarment
वासः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवासस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म) एकवचन; appositional with उत्तरम्
तस्यैto her
तस्यै:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान) एकवचन
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता) एकवचन
विवाससेclothed (her)
विवाससे:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-वास् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘clothed (her)/provided clothing’
गृहीत्वाhaving taken
गृहीत्वा:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund); having seized/taken
पाणिनाwith (his) hand
पाणिना:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपाणि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण) एकवचन
पाणिम्(her) hand
पाणिम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपाणि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म) एकवचन
उज्जहारlifted out/drew up
उज्जहार:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-हृ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
दयापरःfull of compassion
दयापरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootदया-पर (प्रातिपदिक); components: दया + पर
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; adjective to राजा
V
Vivāsavān

FAQs

It shows that true dharma expresses itself as practical compassion—Vivāsavān not only feels mercy but acts by clothing and helping the woman stand, modeling protective kindness.

Because he was dayā-paraḥ (deeply compassionate); the narrative highlights the king’s duty to protect and assist someone in distress with immediate, respectful action.

Respond to others’ vulnerability with tangible help—offer support, dignity, and protection rather than indifference, especially when you have the ability or responsibility to assist.