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Shloka 15

Yayāti, Devayānī, Śarmiṣṭhā, and the Exchange of Youth: The Unsatisfied Nature of Desire

एवं क्षिपन्तीं शर्मिष्ठा गुरुपुत्रीमभाषत । रुषा श्वसन्त्युरङ्गीव धर्षिता दष्टदच्छदा ॥ १५ ॥

evaṁ kṣipantīṁ śarmiṣṭhā guru-putrīm abhāṣata ruṣā śvasanty uraṅgīva dharṣitā daṣṭa-dacchadā

Śukadeva Gosvāmī sagte: Als sie so mit grausamen Worten zurechtgewiesen wurde, war Śarmiṣṭhā sehr wütend. Schwer atmend wie eine Schlange und sich mit den Zähnen auf die Unterlippe beißend, sprach sie wie folgt zur Tochter von Śukrācārya.

evamthus
evam:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb (प्रकारवाचक)
kṣipantīm(her) who was insulting/taunting
kṣipantīm:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣip (धातु) → kṣipantī (कृदन्त, शतृ-प्रत्यय)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifies guru-putrīm
śarmiṣṭhāŚarmiṣṭhā
śarmiṣṭhā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśarmiṣṭhā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular
guru-putrīmthe preceptor’s daughter
guru-putrīm:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक) + putrī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'daughter of the guru'
abhāṣataspoke
abhāṣata:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootabhāṣ (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Ātmanepada, 3rd person, Singular
ruṣāwith anger
ruṣā:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootruṣ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; 'with anger'
śvasantībreathing hard
śvasantī:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootśvas (धातु) → śvasantī (कृदन्त, शतृ-प्रत्यय)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Feminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; qualifies śarmiṣṭhā
uraṅgīvalike a serpent
uraṅgīva:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Simile)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooturaṅgī (प्रातिपदिक) + iva (अव्यय)
FormComparison phrase: noun + iva (उपमा)
dharṣitāinsulted/outraged
dharṣitā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootdhṛṣ (धातु) → dharṣita (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/PPP), Feminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; qualifies śarmiṣṭhā
daṣṭa-dacchadāwhose garment was torn/bitten
daṣṭa-dacchadā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootdaṣṭa (कृदन्त, क्त; from daṁś धातु) + dacchadā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; बहुव्रीहि: 'she whose garment (chadā) is bitten/torn' (epithet)
Ś
Śarmiṣṭhā
D
Devayānī
Ś
Śukrācārya

FAQs

This verse portrays how biting words inflame anger—Śarmiṣṭhā reacts “like a serpent,” showing that insults can quickly escalate conflict and lead to sinful actions.

Devayānī was repeatedly insulting her; feeling deeply affronted, Śarmiṣṭhā—overcome by rage—replied, setting the stage for the ensuing incident in their narrative.

Avoid retaliating to provocation with sharp words; pause before responding, because reactive speech multiplies conflict and can trigger consequences far beyond the original offense.