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Shloka 23

Trivakrā’s Transformation and the Breaking of Kaṁsa’s Bow

Mathurā-līlā Prelude

तयोर्विचरतो: स्वैरमादित्योऽस्तमुपेयिवान् । कृष्णरामौ वृतौ गोपै: पुराच्छकटमीयतु: ॥ २३ ॥

tayor vicaratoḥ svairam ādityo ’stam upeyivān kṛṣṇa-rāmau vṛtau gopaiḥ purāc chakaṭam īyatuḥ

Während Sie nach Belieben umhergingen, begann die Sonne unterzugehen. Da verließen Kṛṣṇa und Balarāma, begleitet von den Gopa-Jungen, die Stadt und kehrten zum Wagenlager der Kuhhirten zurück.

तयोःof the two
तयोः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/Genitive), द्विवचन, सर्वनाम
विचरतोःwhile the two were wandering
विचरतोः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive absolute-like modifier)
TypeVerb
Rootवि√चर् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय (Present active participle), षष्ठी (Genitive), द्विवचन; ‘while the two were roaming’
स्वैरम्freely, at will
स्वैरम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वैर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)
आदित्यःthe sun
आदित्यः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
अस्तम्to setting (to the west)
अस्तम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object/Goal)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘setting (place/state)’
उपेयिवान्having gone (had set)
उपेयिवान्:
क्रिया-विशेषण (Participial predicate of ādityaḥ)
TypeVerb
Rootउप√इ (धातु)
Formक्तवतु-प्रत्यय (Perfect participle/Periphrastic past), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘having gone/approached’
कृष्णरामौKrishna and Rama
कृष्णरामौ:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण + राम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वः (कृष्णश्च रामश्च)
वृतौsurrounded
वृतौ:
क्रिया-विशेषण (Predicate participle)
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्यय (Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; ‘surrounded/covered’
गोपैःby the cowherds
गोपैः:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent in passive sense)
TypeNoun
Rootगोप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
पुरात्from before, previously
पुरात्:
अधिकरण/काल (Temporal adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverb), अपादानार्थे ‘from earlier/previously’
शकटम्the cart (market-cart area/name)
शकटम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object/Goal)
TypeNoun
Rootशकट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
ईयतुःthe two went
ईयतुः:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Root√इ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), द्विवचन; परस्मैपद
K
Krishna
B
Balarama
G
Gopas (cowherd boys)

FAQs

It describes Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma roaming freely until sunset and then returning, surrounded by the cowherd boys, to the cart encampment as they had done before.

The verse emphasizes the simplicity and continuity of their Vraja routine—after playful wandering, they naturally return with their friends to the familiar cart-camp setting.

It highlights a devotional mood where daily life becomes sacred through companionship with Kṛṣṇa—encouraging steadiness, simplicity, and remembrance of God in ordinary routines.