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Shloka 60

Kāliya-damana: Kṛṣṇa Subdues the Serpent and Purifies the Yamunā

श्रीशुक उवाच इत्याकर्ण्य वच: प्राह भगवान् कार्यमानुष: । नात्र स्थेयं त्वया सर्प समुद्रं याहि मा चिरम् । स्वज्ञात्यपत्यदाराढ्यो गोनृभिर्भुज्यते नदी ॥ ६० ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca ity ākarṇya vacaḥ prāha bhagavān kārya-mānuṣaḥ nātra stheyaṁ tvayā sarpa samudraṁ yāhi mā ciram sva-jñāty-apatya-dārāḍhyo go-nṛbhir bhujyate nadī

Śukadeva sprach: Nachdem der Bhagavān, der die Rolle eines Menschen spielte, Kāliyas Worte gehört hatte, erwiderte er: „O Schlange, du darfst hier nicht länger bleiben. Geh unverzüglich zum Ozean, zusammen mit deinen Kindern, Frauen, Verwandten und Gefährten. Dieser Fluss soll von Kühen und Menschen genossen werden.“

śrī-śukaḥŚrī Śuka
śrī-śukaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of uvāca)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + śuka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; karmadhāraya honorific name
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, Perfect), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथम), Singular
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotative particle (इति-निपात)
ākarṇyahaving heard
ākarṇya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootā-√kṛṇ/karṇ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, ल्यप्): ‘having heard’
vacaḥwords
vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ākarṇya)
TypeNoun
Rootvacas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (form = nom/acc sg)
prāhaspoke
prāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootah (धातु) with pra- (उपसर्ग)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, Perfect), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Singular
bhagavānthe Lord
bhagavān:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of prāha)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
kārya-mānuṣaḥin a purposeful human guise
kārya-mānuṣaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of bhagavān)
TypeAdjective
Rootkārya (प्रातिपदिक) + mānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; tatpuruṣa: ‘(assuming) a human form for a purpose’
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; negation particle
atrahere
atra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of place ‘here’
stheyamto be stayed (should stay)
stheyam:
Vidhi/Pratiṣedha (विधि/प्रतिषेध)
TypeAdjective
Rootsthā (धातु) + ya(t) (यत्)
FormGerundive (कृत्य—यत्), Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; impersonal: ‘it is not to be stayed’
tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent with gerundive)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; agent with gerundive
sarpaO serpent
sarpa:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootsarpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular
samudramto the ocean
samudram:
Karma (कर्म/Goal object with yāhi)
TypeNoun
Rootsamudra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
yāhigo
yāhi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootyā (धातु)
FormLoṭ (लोट्, Imperative), Parasmaipada, Madhyama-puruṣa, Singular
do not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Prohibition)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; prohibitive particle used with imperative
ciramlong (delay)
ciram:
Kāla (काल/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootcira (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाववत्)
FormAvyaya; adverb of time ‘for long’
sva-jñāti-apatya-dāra-āḍhyaḥabounding in its own kin (fish etc.), offspring, and mates
sva-jñāti-apatya-dāra-āḍhyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of nadī)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + jñāti (प्रातिपदिक) + apatya (प्रातिपदिक) + dāra (प्रातिपदिक) + āḍhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; bahuvrīhi: ‘one who is rich/abounding in own kinsmen, offspring, and wives’
go-nṛbhiḥby cows and men
go-nṛbhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent in passive bhujyate)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक) + nṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; itaretara-dvandva: ‘by cows and men’
bhujyateis enjoyed/used
bhujyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootbhuj (धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्, Present), Ātmanepada, Prathama-puruṣa, Singular; passive sense ‘is enjoyed/used’ (bhuj in Ātmanepada often yields passive-like meaning)
nadīthe river
nadī:
Karma (कर्म/Patient in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
L
Lord Kṛṣṇa
K
Kāliya (serpent)

FAQs

In this verse, Kṛṣṇa आदेशs Kāliya not to remain in the river and to go to the ocean with his family, because the river is meant for the use and safety of people and cows.

Because Kāliya’s presence made the river unfit and dangerous; Kṛṣṇa restores dharma in Vraja by removing the threat and returning the river for the welfare of cows and humans.

The verse highlights responsible stewardship: harmful influences should be removed promptly, and shared resources should be protected for the wellbeing of the community—while still acting with firmness tempered by mercy.