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Shloka 10

Kāliya-damana: Kṛṣṇa Subdues the Serpent and Purifies the Yamunā

तं नागभोगपरिवीतमद‍ृष्टचेष्ट- मालोक्य तत्प्रियसखा: पशुपा भृशार्ता: । कृष्णेऽर्पितात्मसुहृदर्थकलत्रकामा दु:खानुशोकभयमूढधियो निपेतु: ॥ १० ॥

taṁ nāga-bhoga-parivītam adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam ālokya tat-priya-sakhāḥ paśupā bhṛśārtāḥ kṛṣṇe ’rpitātma-suhṛd-artha-kalatra-kāmā duḥkhānuśoka-bhaya-mūḍha-dhiyo nipetuḥ

Als die Kuhhirten, die Kṛṣṇa als ihren liebsten Freund angenommen hatten, Ihn reglos in den Windungen der Schlange sahen, wurden sie von tiefem Schmerz überwältigt. Sie hatten Kṛṣṇa alles dargebracht — sich selbst, ihre Freundschaft, ihren Besitz, ihre Familien, ihre Frauen und alle Freuden. Als sie den Herrn in Kāliyas Griff erblickten, wurde ihr Verstand durch Kummer, Klage und Furcht verwirrt, und sie stürzten zu Boden.

tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ālokya)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
nāga-bhoga-parivītamencircled by the serpent’s coils
nāga-bhoga-parivītam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of tam)
TypeAdjective
Rootnāga (प्रातिपदिक) + bhoga (प्रातिपदिक) + parivīta (कृदन्त; pari + √vī वे/वी, PPP)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP) 'wrapped around' by serpent-coils
adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭammotionless / with no visible movement
adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota-dṛṣṭa (कृदन्त; √dṛś दृश्, PPP with negation) + ceṣṭā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; कर्मधारयः ('whose movements were not seen')
ālokyahaving seen
ālokya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√lok लोक् (आ + √lok; absolutive/क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), indeclinable verbal; 'having seen'
tat-priya-sakhāḥhis dear friends
tat-priya-sakhāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक) + priya (प्रातिपदिक) + sakhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; तत्पुरुषः ('his dear friends')
paśupāḥthe cowherd boys
paśupāḥ:
Apposition (समानाधिकरण/renaming of subject)
TypeNoun
Rootpaśu-pa (प्रातिपदिक; 'cowherd')
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
bhṛśa-ārtāḥgreatly distressed
bhṛśa-ārtāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of paśupāḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhṛśa (अव्यय used as intensifier) + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; ārta qualified by indeclinable bhṛśa
kṛṣṇein/for Kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Regarding, in the matter of)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
arpita-ātma-suhṛt-artha-kalatra-kāmāḥwho had devoted self, friends, wealth, family and desires to Kṛṣṇa
arpita-ātma-suhṛt-artha-kalatra-kāmāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of paśupāḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootarpita (कृदन्त; √arp अर्प्, PPP) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक) + suhṛt (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक) + kalatra (प्रातिपदिक) + kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP) 'offered/dedicated' governing a series of objects in compound; meaning 'having dedicated self, friends, wealth, wives, desires (everything) to Kṛṣṇa'
duḥkha-anuśoka-bhaya-mūḍha-dhiyaḥwhose minds were stunned by grief, lamentation and fear
duḥkha-anuśoka-bhaya-mūḍha-dhiyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of paśupāḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + anuśoka (प्रातिपदिक) + bhaya (प्रातिपदिक) + mūḍha (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + dhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; तत्पुरुषः ('whose minds were bewildered by sorrow, lamentation, fear')
nipetuḥfell down
nipetuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√pat पत् (नि + √pat; लिट्/Perfect)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī explains that the cowherd boys, along with some cowherd men and farmers who happened to be in the vicinity and who were also devotees of Kṛṣṇa, fell to the ground just like trees that had been cut at the root.

K
Krishna
K
Kaliya
C
cowherd boys (gopas)

FAQs

This verse shows the gopas’ complete dependence on Krishna: their very life, relationships, wealth, and hopes are described as offered to Him, and thus His apparent danger overwhelms them.

They saw Krishna motionless within the serpent’s coils and, being His intimate friends, became stunned by fear and grief, losing external strength and falling down.

In sudden fear or uncertainty, remember what you truly rely upon; like the gopas, turn the mind toward Krishna as the ultimate shelter rather than panicking in isolation.