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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ashtama Skandha, Shloka 17

Manvantara Enumerations Begin: Svāyambhuva’s Austerity, Yajñapati’s Protection, and the Avatāras up to Hari

Gajendra Prelude

श्रीशुक उवाच इति मन्त्रोपनिषदं व्याहरन्तं समाहितम् । द‍ृष्ट्वासुरा यातुधाना जग्धुमभ्यद्रवन् क्षुधा ॥ १७ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca iti mantropaniṣadaṁ vyāharantaṁ samāhitam dṛṣṭvāsurā yātudhānā jagdhum abhyadravan kṣudhā

Śukadeva fuhr fort: So war Svāyambhuva Manu in Trance versunken und sprach die vedischen Lehrmantras, die als Upaniṣaden bekannt sind. Als die Rākṣasas und Asuras ihn sahen, wollten sie ihn, vom Hunger gequält, verschlingen; darum stürmten sie mit großer Geschwindigkeit auf ihn zu.

śrī-śukaḥŚrī Śuka
śrī-śukaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī + śuka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) honorific compound: श्रीशुकः; Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotative particle (इत्यर्थ)
mantra-upaniṣadamthe Upaniṣad-like mantra/secret teaching
mantra-upaniṣadam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmantra + upaniṣad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय): मन्त्ररूपा उपनिषद्; Feminine (upaniṣad), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
vyāharantamuttering/reciting
vyāharantam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-ā-√hṛ (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying an implied person (e.g., the sage)
samāhitamcomposed/absorbed
samāhitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-ā-√dhā (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; 'collected, composed'
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Hetu (हेतु/circumstantial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), avyaya; 'having seen'
asurāḥdemons
asurāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasura (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
yātudhānāḥrākṣasas/ghouls
yātudhānāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyātudhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; apposition to 'asurāḥ'
jagdhumto devour
jagdhum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/purpose)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√jakṣ (धातु)
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्) from √jakṣ 'to eat' (jagdhum); avyaya
abhyadravanthey rushed toward
abhyadravan:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√dru (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural
kṣudhāfrom hunger
kṣudhā:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣudh (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; causal instrument 'from hunger/with hunger'
Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
A
Asuras
Y
Yātudhānas

FAQs

This verse shows a devotee or sage remaining fully composed while reciting a sacred mantra, even as hostile beings rush to harm him—highlighting the spiritual power and steadiness cultivated through mantra and absorption.

Yātudhānas are described as fierce, man-eating demonic beings (rākṣasa-like). Here they are grouped with asuras and portrayed as driven by hunger to devour the saintly person.

When facing fear or aggression, practice steadiness (samādhi-like focus) through japa, prayer, and disciplined remembrance of the Divine, responding from inner composure rather than panic.