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Shloka 38

Bharata’s Austerity at Nandigrāma and Rāma’s Sight of Nandigrāma

यश्चोच्यमानः सचिवैः समदुःखसुखैर्बुधैः । नीतिज्ञैः शास्त्रनिपुणैरिति प्रोवाच तान्नृपः

yaścocyamānaḥ sacivaiḥ samaduḥkhasukhairbudhaiḥ | nītijñaiḥ śāstranipuṇairiti provāca tānnṛpaḥ

সমদুঃখ-সুখ, জ্ঞানী, নীতিজ্ঞ ও শাস্ত্রনিপুণ মন্ত্রীরা যখন তাঁকে সম্বোধন করছিলেন, তখন রাজা তাঁদের এভাবে বললেন।

यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
उच्यमानःbeing spoken (to)/being addressed
उच्यमानः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु) + शानच् (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
Formवर्तमानकालिक कर्मणि-प्रयोगे वर्तमानकृदन्त (present passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सचिवैःby ministers/counsellors
सचिवैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसचिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
समequal, even-minded
सम:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत्-विशेषण; समासपूर्वपदत्वेन ‘समदुःखसुख’ इत्यत्र उपसर्गवत्/विशेषणार्थक; (अत्र पृथक् पदरूपेण)
दुःखsorrow
दुःख:
Sambandha (Compound-member/समासाङ्ग)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)
सुखैःwith pleasures (and pains)
सुखैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; ‘समदुःखसुखैः’ इत्यत्र समासान्त-रूपेण
बुधैःby the wise
बुधैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootबुध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
नीतिज्ञैःby those skilled in polity
नीतिज्ञैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootनीति (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (नीतिं जानन्ति इति); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
शास्त्रनिपुणैःby those proficient in scriptures
शास्त्रनिपुणैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक) + निपुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (शास्त्रे निपुणाः); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (बुध/सचिव)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotative/इति-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/वाक्यसमाप्ति-सूचक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
प्रोवाचsaid, spoke
प्रोवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
तान्them
तान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन
नृपःthe king
नृपः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनृप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

Narrator (introducing the king’s reply to his ministers)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Type: city

Sandhi Resolution Notes: यश्चोच्यमानः = यः + च + उच्यमानः; समदुःखसुखैर्बुधैः = समदुःखसुखैः + बुधैः; शास्त्रनिपुणैरिति = शास्त्रनिपुणैः + इति; तान्नृपः = तान् + नृपः.

FAQs

It frames a royal counsel scene: wise, scripture-versed ministers advise the king, and the king is about to respond.

They are described as wise (budha), even-minded in pleasure and pain (sama-duḥkha-sukha), knowledgeable in polity/ethics (nīti-jña), and proficient in the śāstras (śāstra-nipuṇa).

Good governance is supported by balanced, learned advisers, and a ruler should engage seriously with counsel grounded in both practical ethics (nīti) and authoritative teachings (śāstra).