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Shloka 58

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा द्रष्टा पततः स्यन्दने भ्यो महागजेभ्यो5श्वगतान्‌ सुयोधनान्‌ । शरैहतान्‌ पातितांश्वैव रड्े तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌

sañjaya uvāca | yadā draṣṭā patataḥ syandane bhyo mahāgajebhyo ’śvagatān suyodhanān | śaraiḥ hatān pātitāṃś caiva raṇe tadā yuddhe dhārtarāṣṭro ’nutapsyat ||

সঞ্জয় বললেন—যখন দুর্যোধন দেখবে, তার রথারূঢ়, মহাগজারূঢ় ও অশ্বারূঢ় যোদ্ধারা আমার বাণে বিদ্ধ হয়ে রণক্ষেত্রে একে একে লুটিয়ে পড়ছে, তখন যুদ্ধ বেছে নেওয়ার জন্য ধৃতরাষ্ট্রপুত্র গভীর অনুতাপে আচ্ছন্ন হবে।

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
द्रष्टाthe seer/one who will see (i.e., Duryodhana)
द्रष्टा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formतृच् (agent noun), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पततःfalling
पततः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural
स्यन्दनेभ्यःfrom chariots
स्यन्दनेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्यन्दन
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
महागजेभ्यःfrom great elephants
महागजेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमहागज
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
अश्वगतान्mounted on horses
अश्वगतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्वगत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सुयोधनान्Duryodhana's (men)/the Su-yodhanas (warriors of Duryodhana)
सुयोधनान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुयोधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
शरैःby arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हतान्slain
हतान्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural
पातितान्caused to fall, felled
पातितान्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (causative: पातय्)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
युद्धायfor battle/for fighting
युद्धाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रःthe son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुतप्स्यत्will regret, will repent
अनुतप्स्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (with prefix अनु-)
Formलृट् (simple future), Parasmaipada, 3rd, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhārtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
C
chariots (syandana)
E
elephants (mahāgaja)
H
horses (aśva)
A
arrows (śara)
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical aftermath of choosing adharma: when the reality of mass death becomes undeniable, the instigator of conflict is forced into remorse. It implies that power and pride cannot shield one from the moral consequences of violence.

Sañjaya foretells that Duryodhana will witness his own forces—fighters from chariots, elephants, and horses—being struck down by arrows and collapsing on the battlefield, and that this sight will make him regret having pursued war.