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Shloka 28

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा गतोद्वाहमकूजनाक्षं सुवर्णतारं रथमुत्तमाश्वै: । दान्तैर्युक्ते सहदेवो5थिरूढ: शिरांसि राज्ञां क्षेप्स्यते मार्गणौचै:

sañjaya uvāca | yadā gatodvāham akūjanākṣaṃ suvarṇatāraṃ ratham uttamāśvaiḥ | dāntair yukte sahadevo 'thirūḍhaḥ śirāṃsi rājñāṃ kṣepsyate mārgaṇair ucchaiḥ ||

সঞ্জয় বললেন—যখন সহদেব উৎকৃষ্ট জাতের সুপ্রশিক্ষিত, সংযত অশ্বে যুক্ত, চালকের ইচ্ছামতো চলমান, অক্ষের কোনো শব্দহীন, ঘূর্ণনে স্বর্ণবৃত্ত-রেখার মতো দীপ্তিমান রথে আরোহণ করে ঊর্ধ্বে তীর নিক্ষেপ করতে করতে বিপক্ষ রাজাদের মস্তক ছেদন করে ভূমিতে ফেলতে থাকবে; সেই ভয়ংকর ক্ষণে সমরে স্থির থেকে যখন সে সর্বদিকেই শত্রুদের আঘাত করবে, তখন তাকে দেখে ধৃতরাষ্ট্রপুত্র দুর্যোধন যুদ্ধের পরিণাম ভেবে গভীর অনুতাপে আচ্ছন্ন হবে।

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
गतgone/attained
गत:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगम् (गत)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उद्वाहम्wedding/bringing forth (here: onward movement/advance)
उद्वाहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउद्वाह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अकूजनsoundless, not creaking
अकूजन:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअकूजन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अक्षम्axle
अक्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुवर्णgold
सुवर्ण:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुवर्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तारम्star-like, shining
तारम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमexcellent, best
उत्तम:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अश्वैःwith horses
अश्वैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दान्तैःtamed, well-trained
दान्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदान्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
युक्तेyoked, harnessed (in/onto)
युक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootयुज् (युक्त)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सहदेवःSahadeva
सहदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आरूढःhaving mounted
आरूढः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रुह् (आरूढ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शिरांसिheads
शिरांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
क्षेप्स्यतेwill hurl/cast down
क्षेप्स्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षिप्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 3, Singular, Ātmanepada
मार्गणैःwith arrows
मार्गणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमार्गण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
उच्चैःaloft/highly
उच्चैः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउच्चैः

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
Sahadeva
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
C
chariot (ratha)
H
horses (aśva)
A
arrows (mārgaṇa)
A
axle (akṣa)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the moral weight of choosing war: when righteous and skilled warriors act decisively, the aggressor is forced to confront consequences. It hints that adharma-driven conflict culminates in fear and regret, even before the final defeat.

Sañjaya describes a vivid, almost prophetic battle scene: Sahadeva mounts a superb, silent-axled chariot drawn by disciplined horses and, with powerful archery, fells enemy kings. The description functions as a warning about the impending devastation and the psychological collapse (remorse) it will provoke in Duryodhana.