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Shloka 37

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

न तम्मित्र॑ं यस्य कोपाद्‌ बिभेति यद्‌ वा मित्र शड़कितेनोपचर्यम्‌ । यस्मिन्‌ मित्रे पितरीवाश्वसीत तद्‌ वै मित्र सड़तानीतराणि

na tan mitraṁ yasya kopād bibheti yad vā mitra śaṅkitena upacaryam | yasmin mitre pitarīva āśvasīta tad vai mitraṁ saṅgatāni itarāṇi ||

যার ক্রোধে ভয় হয়, কিংবা যাকে সন্দেহ নিয়ে সেবা করতে হয়—সে প্রকৃত বন্ধু নয়। বন্ধু সেই, যাঁর উপর পিতার মতো নিঃশঙ্ক বিশ্বাস রাখা যায়; বাকিরা কেবল পরিস্থিতির যোগে জুটে যাওয়া সঙ্গী।

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
tatthat
tat:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formneuter, nominative, singular
mitramfriend
mitram:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootmitra
Formneuter, nominative, singular
yasyawhose
yasya:
TypePronoun
Rootyad
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
kopatfrom anger; because of anger
kopat:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootkopa
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
bibhetifears
bibheti:
TypeVerb
Rootbhī
Formpresent, 3, singular, parasmaipada
yator if; that which
yat:
TypePronoun
Rootyad
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
vaor
va:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootva
mitraO friend
mitra:
TypeNoun
Rootmitra
Formneuter, vocative, singular
śaṅkitenawith suspicion; being suspicious
śaṅkitena:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootśaṅkita
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
upacaryamto be served; should be attended upon
upacaryam:
TypeVerb
Rootupa-car
Formya (gerundive), passive, neuter, nominative/accusative, singular
yasminin whom; in which
yasmin:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootyad
Formmasculine/neuter, locative, singular
mitrein a friend
mitre:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootmitra
Formneuter, locative, singular
pitariin a father
pitari:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ
Formmasculine, locative, singular
ivalike; as
iva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva
āśvasītatrusted; felt assured
āśvasīta:
TypeVerb
Rootā-śvas
Formimperfect, 3, singular, parasmaipada
tatthat
tat:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formneuter, nominative, singular
vaiindeed
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai
mitramfriend
mitram:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootmitra
Formneuter, nominative, singular
sattrue; good
sat:
TypeAdjective
Rootsat
Formneuter, nominative, singular
anyatother; else
anyat:
TypeAdjective
Rootanya
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
tānithose (others)
tāni:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formneuter, nominative, plural
itarāṇithe rest; remaining
itarāṇi:
TypeAdjective
Rootitara
Formneuter, nominative, plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
F
father (as an ideal of trust)

Educational Q&A

A genuine friend is defined by safety and trust: if someone’s anger inspires fear or if one must deal with them suspiciously, that relationship is not true friendship. True friendship resembles the secure confidence one has in a father; others are merely companions or convenient associates.

In the Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers moral and political counsel during the tense pre-war negotiations. Here he clarifies the standard of ‘mitra’ (friend) to guide right judgment in alliances and relationships, distinguishing trustworthy well-wishers from merely strategic or unstable associates.