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Shloka 13

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

जो दूध देनेवाली पचीस हजार कपिला गौओंका दान करता है, वह समस्त पापोंसे छुटकारा पा जाता है ।।

vyāsa uvāca | yo dugdha-denīḥ pañca-viṃśati-sahasraṃ kapilā gāvo dānaṃ karoti sa sarva-pāpebhyaḥ pramucyate || go-sahasraṃ sa-vatsānāṃ dogdhrīṇāṃ prāṇa-saṃśaye | sādhubhyo vai daridrebhyo dattvā mucyeta kilbiṣāt || yadā mṛtyu-kālaḥ sannihitaḥ syāt tadā sadācāri-daridra-brāhmaṇebhyo dugdha-denīḥ eka-sahasraṃ sa-vatsā gāvo dattvāpi manuṣyaḥ sarva-pāpebhyaḥ mucyate ||

যে পঁচিশ হাজার কপিলা দুধেল গাভী দান করে, সে সকল পাপ থেকে মুক্ত হয়। আবার প্রাণসংশয় উপস্থিত হলে, মৃত্যু নিকট এলে, সাধু ও দরিদ্রদের—বিশেষত সদাচারী দরিদ্র ব্রাহ্মণদের—বাছুরসহ এক হাজার দুধেল গাভী দান করলেও মানুষ পাপমুক্ত হয়।

गोof cows / cow-
गो:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो (गौः)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
सहस्रम्a thousand
सहस्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सवत्सानाम्of those having calves (with calves)
सवत्सानाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस-वत्स (वत्स)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
दोग्ध्रीणाम्of milk-giving (milch) [cows]
दोग्ध्रीणाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदोग्ध्री (दुह् धातु-सम्बद्धा)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
प्राणin life / in vital-breath
प्राण:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संशयेin doubt / in peril
संशये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
साधुभ्यःto the virtuous (good people)
साधुभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
दरिद्रेभ्यःto the poor
दरिद्रेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootदरिद्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
मुच्येतwould be freed / may be released
मुच्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच् (मुच्यते)
FormPotential/Optative (विधिलिङ्), Atmanepada (passive-like), Third, Singular
किल्बिषात्from sin
किल्बिषात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकिल्बिष
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
kapilā cows
C
cows with calves (sa-vatsāḥ)
P
poor brāhmaṇas
V
virtuous poor recipients (sādhavaḥ daridrāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Generous giving—especially of life-sustaining gifts like milk-giving cows to worthy and needy recipients—functions as a strong form of moral purification (prāyaścitta), capable of relieving one from accumulated wrongdoing, even at the approach of death.

Vyāsa states a dharma-teaching within Śānti Parva: he describes the merit and expiatory power of go-dāna, specifying large-scale gifts (25,000 kapilā cows) and, in a death-near situation, the gift of 1,000 cows with calves to virtuous poor people, particularly poor brāhmaṇas.