Shloka 47

Adhyāya 270 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on saṃnyāsa; Bhīṣma on calculable time, tamas, and karma

Vṛtra–Uśanā exemplum begins

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच ततो<5पश्यत्‌ स काम॑ च क्रोधं लोभं भयं मदम्‌ | निद्रां तन्द्रीं तथा55लस्यमावृत्य पुरुषान्‌ स्थितान्‌

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca tato 'paśyat sa kāmaṁ ca krodhaṁ lobhaṁ bhayaṁ madam | nidrāṁ tandrīṁ tathā ālasyaṁ āvṛtya puruṣān sthitān |

Translation

ভীষ্ম বললেন—তখন সে কাম, ক্রোধ, লোভ, ভয় ও মদকে দেখল; আর নিদ্রা, তন্দ্রা ও আলস্যকেও—যেগুলি জীবনে স্থিত মানুষদের আচ্ছন্ন করে তাদের বিবেচনাবুদ্ধি ঢেকে দেয় এবং অধর্মাচরণে বেঁধে ফেলে।

Word by Word

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ततः: then; thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• अपश्यत्: saw
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कामम्: desire
• कामम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• क्रोधम्: anger
• क्रोधम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• लोभम्: greed
• लोभम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोभ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• भयम्: fear
• भयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मदम्: pride; intoxication
• मदम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• निद्राम्: sleep
• निद्राम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निद्रा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• तन्द्रीम्: drowsiness; lethargy
• तन्द्रीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तन्द्री
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: likewise; also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• आलस्यम्: sloth; laziness
• आलस्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आलस्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आवृत्य: having covered; enveloping
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-वृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• पुरुषान्: men; persons
• पुरुषान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• स्थितान्: standing; remaining; situated
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्था
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• kāma (desire)
• krodha (anger)
• lobha (greed)
• bhaya (fear)
• mada (intoxication/pride)
• nidrā (sleep)
• tandrī (drowsiness)
• ālasya (sloth)
• puruṣa (human beings)