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Shloka 46

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

राजोवाच वाग्वज़ा ब्राह्मणाः प्रोक्ता: क्षत्रिया बाहुजीविन: । वाग्युद्धे तदिदं तीव्रं मम विप्र त्वया सह

rājovāca vāgvajrā brāhmaṇāḥ proktāḥ kṣatriyā bāhujīvinaḥ | vāgyuddhe tad idaṃ tīvraṃ mama vipra tvayā saha

রাজা বললেন—ব্রাহ্মণদের বাক্য বজ্রসম বলে ঘোষিত, আর ক্ষত্রিয়রা বাহুবলে জীবিকা নির্বাহ করে। অতএব, হে বিপ্র, এই বাক্যযুদ্ধে তোমার সঙ্গে আমার সংঘর্ষ অত্যন্ত তীব্র হয়ে উঠেছে।

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
वाग्वजाःthose whose weapon is speech (word-warriors)
वाग्वजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाग्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रोक्ताःare said/called
प्रोक्ताः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past Passive Participle (क्त)
क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बाहुजीविनःliving by (the strength of) their arms
बाहुजीविनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबाहुजीविन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाग्युद्धेin a war of words
वाग्युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवाग्युद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तीव्रम्fierce, intense
तीव्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतीव्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ममof me, my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
विप्रO Brahmin
विप्र:
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वयाby/with you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह

ब्राह्मण उवाच

राजा (the King)
ब्राह्मण (the Brahmin)
क्षत्रिय (Kshatriya class)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts social-dharmic strengths: Brahmins are powerful through incisive speech and reasoning, while Kshatriyas are powerful through physical might. It implies that ethical contest is not only on the battlefield; disciplined, truthful speech can be a form of force, and verbal conflict should be recognized as serious and consequential.

A king addresses a Brahmin during a heated exchange. Acknowledging the Brahmin’s ‘thunderbolt’ speech and the Kshatriya’s reliance on arms, the king frames their confrontation as a ‘war of words’ that has grown intense between them.