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Shloka 68

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

परिवित्ति: परिवेत्ता या चैव परिविद्यते । पाणिग्रहास्त्वधर्मेण सर्वे ते पतिता: स्मृता:

parivittiḥ parivettā yā caiva parividyate | pāṇigrahās tv adharmeṇa sarve te patitāḥ smṛtāḥ ||

ভীষ্ম বললেন— জ্যেষ্ঠ ভ্রাতার বিবাহের পূর্বেই যদি কনিষ্ঠ ভ্রাতা অধর্মপূর্বক বিবাহ করে, তবে জ্যেষ্ঠকে ‘পরিবিত্তি’, কনিষ্ঠকে ‘পরিবেত্তা’ এবং যে নারীকে এভাবে গ্রহণ করা হয় তাকে ‘পরিবিদ্যতে’ বলা হয়। ধর্মবিরুদ্ধ এই পাণিগ্রহণে জড়িত সকলেই পতিত বলে স্মৃতিতে উল্লেখিত।

परिवित्तिःthe elder brother (whose younger brother marries first)
परिवित्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरिवित्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
परिवेत्ताthe younger brother who marries first
परिवेत्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरिवेत्ता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
याwho (she who)
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
परिविद्यतेis called/known (as)
परिविद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु, लभ्/ज्ञाने) + परि- (उपसर्ग)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद
पाणिग्रहाःmarriages (hand-taking rites)
पाणिग्रहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाणिग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
अधर्मेणby unrighteousness/contrary to dharma
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
पतिताःfallen (from dharma)/degraded
पतिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपतित (कृदन्त; √पत् + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
स्मृताःare considered/are said (to be)
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृत (कृदन्त; √स्मृ + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that violating the customary dharmic order of marriage—where the younger brother marries before the elder—constitutes an adharma-based marriage, and tradition regards all parties involved as incurring moral fault (patita).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma defines technical terms used in dharma-discourse—parivitti (bypassed elder), parivettā (younger who marries first), and parividyate (the woman taken)—and states the ethical judgment attached to such a marriage.