Shloka 58
Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation
श्वृवराहखरान् हत्वा शौद्रमेव व्रतं चरेत् मार्जारचाषमण्डूकान् काकं व्यालं च मूषिकम्
śvṛvarāhakhārān hatvā śūdram eva vrataṃ caret mārjāracāṣamaṇḍūkān kākaṃ vyālaṃ ca mūṣikam
ভীষ্ম বললেন—শূকর, বরাহ ও গর্দভকে হত্যা করলে শূদ্রের ব্রতই পালন করতে হবে। তদ্রূপ বিড়াল, চাষ-পাখি, ব্যাঙ, কাক, সাপ ও ইঁদুরকে হত্যা করলেও (তেমনই) প্রায়শ্চিত্ত করতে হবে।
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse is a prescriptive rule framed as part of Bhīṣma’s dharma-instruction: it links specific acts (here, the killing of certain animals) with undertaking a particular observance (vrata) associated with the Śūdra. In context, such lines function as normative or expiatory injunctions within varṇa- and conduct-discussions, emphasizing regulated behavior and the idea that actions entail prescribed disciplines.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. This verse occurs within a didactic sequence of rules and observances, where Bhīṣma enumerates specific prescriptions—here listing animals and stating that after killing them one should undertake a stated vrata—reflecting the text’s broader concern with codifying conduct and consequences.