Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 37

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

संवत्सरेण पतति पतितेन सहाचरन्‌ | याजनाध्यापनाद यौनान्न तु यानासनाशनात्‌

saṃvatsareṇa patati patitena sahācaran | yājanādhyāpanād yaunān na tu yānāsanāśanāt ||

পতিতের সঙ্গে বসবাস ও আচরণ করলে, তার যজ্ঞ সম্পাদন করালে এবং তাকে শিক্ষা দিলে মানুষ এক বছরের মধ্যে পতিত হয়; কিন্তু তার সঙ্গে একই বাহন, একই আসন বা একই আহার ভাগ করলে পতন এক বছরে নয়—তাৎক্ষণিক।

संवत्सरेणin/within a year (by a year as measure)
संवत्सरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पततिfalls (becomes fallen/impure)
पतति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पतितेनwith a fallen person
पतितेन:
Sahakaraka
TypeNoun
Rootपतित
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सहtogether/with
सह:
Sahakaraka
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
आचरन्practising/associating (while doing)
आचरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआचर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
याजनfrom officiating at sacrifices (for others)
याजन:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयाजन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अध्यापनात्from teaching (him)
अध्यापनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यापन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
यौनात्from marital/sexual relation (intermarriage)
यौनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयौन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यानfrom riding/vehicle (sharing conveyance)
यान:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
आसनfrom seat (sharing a seat)
आसन:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआसन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अशनात्from eating (together)
अशनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअशन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
patita (a fallen person/outcaste)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes degrees of moral/ritual contamination: some forms of association with a ‘fallen’ person lead to degradation over time (general companionship, priestly service, teaching), while intimate boundary-crossing acts—marital/sexual alliance and sharing conveyance, seat, or food—are treated as causing immediate fall.

In the Shanti Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhishma is laying down norms of conduct and social boundaries, explaining to the listener how different interactions with a patita are evaluated and what consequences they are said to bring.