Shloka 10

Devanagari script

सत्य॑ नामाव्ययं नित्यमविकारि तथैव च । सर्वधर्माविरुद्धेन योगेनैतदवाप्यते

Transliteration

satyaṁ nāmāvyayaṁ nityam avikāri tathaiva ca | sarvadharmāviruddhena yogenaitad avāpyate ||

Translation

ভীষ্ম বললেন—যাকে সত্য বলা হয়, তা অব্যয়, নিত্য এবং অবিকারী। সকল ধর্মের সঙ্গে অবিরোধী কর্তব্যপালনরূপ যোগের দ্বারা এ সত্য লাভ হয়।

Word by Word

• सत्यम्: truth
• सत्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• नाम: indeed; by name (emphatic particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नामन्

• अव्ययम्: imperishable; undecaying
• अव्ययम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव्यय
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• नित्यम्: eternal; constant
• नित्यम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अविकारि: unchanging; without modification
• अविकारि: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अविकारिन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: thus; likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सर्वधर्माविरुद्धेन: by (a means) not opposed to all dharmas
• सर्वधर्माविरुद्धेन: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वधर्म-अविरुद्ध
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• योगेन: by yoga; by disciplined practice
• योगेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: योग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• एतत्: this (truth)
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अवाप्यते: is attained
• Type: Verb
• Root: √आप् (आप्नुयात्/आप्नोति)
• Form: Present, Passive, Third, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Truth (satya) is characterized as imperishable, eternal, and unchanging; it is realized through a disciplined way of life (yoga) grounded in duty and conduct that harmonizes with dharma rather than contradicting it.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on righteous living and higher principles, defining the nature of Truth and indicating the practical path—dharma-aligned discipline—by which it is attained.