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Shloka 9

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

मैं देखता हूँ, संघबद्ध राज्योंके विनाशका मूल कारण है आपसकी फूट। मेरा विश्वास है कि बहुत-से मनुष्योंके जो समुदाय हैं, उनके लिये किसी गुप्त मन्त्रणा या विचारको छिपाये रखना बहुत ही कठिन है ।।

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | paśyāmi saṅghabaddha-rājyānāṃ vināśasya mūla-kāraṇaṃ paraspara-bhedam | mama viśvāso 'sti—bahu-manuṣya-samūheṣu gupta-mantraṇāṃ vā vicāraṃ vā gopayituṃ su-duṣkaram iti || etad icchāmy ahaṃ śrotuṃ na-akhilena parantapa | yathā ca te na bhidyeraṃs tac ca me vada pārthiva ||

যুধিষ্ঠির বললেন—আমি দেখি, সংঘবদ্ধ রাষ্ট্রসমূহের বিনাশের মূল কারণ পারস্পরিক ফাটল। আমার মত, বহুজনের সমাজে কোনো গোপন পরামর্শ বা পরিকল্পনা গোপন রাখা অত্যন্ত কঠিন। হে পরন্তপ, আমি এ সবই সম্পূর্ণভাবে শুনতে চাই; হে রাজন, বলুন—কীভাবে সেই সংঘ বা গণ নিজেদের মধ্যে বিভক্ত হয় না।

एतत्this (matter)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormTumun (infinitive), Active
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अखिलेनcompletely/entirely
अखिलेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअखिल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
परंतपO scorcher of foes
परंतप:
TypeNoun
Rootपरंतप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथाhow/in what way
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेthey/those (people/communities)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भिद्येरन्would split/be divided
भिद्येरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootभिद्
FormOptative (Potential), Third, Plural, Atmanepada
तत्that (method/point)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मेto me/for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
वदtell/say
वद:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
parantapa (addressed king)
P
pārthiva (king/ruler)
S
saṅgha / gaṇa (confederation/republican union)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights that the chief danger to confederated polities is internal division, and that secrecy in collective governance is hard; therefore stability depends on practices that prevent factional splits and manage counsel wisely.

In the Śānti Parva’s discussion of governance, Yudhiṣṭhira questions a kingly authority about why leagues (saṅghas/gaṇas) collapse through discord and asks for a complete explanation of how such unions can remain unbroken.