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Shloka 3

उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः

Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment

उपायधर्मान्‌ वक्ष्यामि सिद्धार्थानर्थधर्मयो: । निर्मर्यादा दस्यवस्तु भवन्ति परिपन्थिन:

upāyadharmān vakṣyāmi siddhārthān arthadharmayoḥ | nirmaryādā dasyavas tu bhavanti paripanthinaḥ ||

ভীষ্ম বললেন—যুধিষ্ঠির! এখন আমি অর্থ ও ধর্ম—উভয়ের সিদ্ধির জন্য পরীক্ষিত উপায়-ধর্মসমূহ বর্ণনা করব। যখন সীমালঙ্ঘনকারী ডাকাত-লুণ্ঠকেরা অর্থ ও ধর্মের মর্যাদা ভেঙে পথঘাতকে পরিণত হয়, তখন তাদের দমন ও বিনাশের জন্য বেদে অনুমোদিত যে ব্যবস্থা আছে, তা আমি বলতে শুরু করছি। সকল কার্যে সিদ্ধির জন্য সেই উপায়গুলি আমার কাছ থেকে শোনো।

उपायधर्मान्means-related duties / expedient dharmas
उपायधर्मान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपायधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वक्ष्यामिI shall speak / I will explain
वक्ष्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
सिद्धार्थान्effective; accomplishing the purpose
सिद्धार्थान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसिद्धार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अर्थधर्मयोःof artha and dharma
अर्थधर्मयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
निर्मर्यादाःwithout bounds; lawless
निर्मर्यादाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मर्याद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दस्यवःbandits; robbers
दस्यवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदस्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
भवन्तिbecome; are
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent (Laṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
परिपन्थिनःhighwaymen; obstructers (of the path)
परिपन्थिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरिपन्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
V
Veda (as authority, implied)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma frames governance as the protection of both artha (public welfare and stability) and dharma (moral-legal order), and introduces ‘upāya-dharma’—practical, result-tested measures that a ruler may employ, including sanctioned force, to restrain lawless disruptors.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira receives instruction from Bhīṣma on kingship and policy. Here Bhīṣma begins a section on pragmatic statecraft: how to deal with bandits and social predators who violate the bounds of dharma and artha.