Shloka 12

कर्णवधार्थं धनञ्जयस्य प्रतिज्ञा — Arjuna’s resolve for Karṇa’s defeat

Devanagari script

परिवद्रुस्तत: सर्वे पाण्डवस्य महारथम्‌

Transliteration

parivadruḥ tataḥ sarve pāṇḍavasya mahāratham

Translation

তারপর তারা সকলেই পাণ্ডবের মহারথীর চারদিকে ঘুরে ঘুরে অস্থিরভাবে ছুটোছুটি করতে লাগল।

Word by Word

• परिवद्रुः: spoke about / reviled / criticized
• परिवद्रुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√वद्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पाण्डवस्य: of the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna / son of Pāṇḍu)
• पाण्डवस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• महारथम्: the great chariot-warrior
• महारथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍava (collective reference)
• mahāratha (great chariot-warrior)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how, in war, coordinated movement and collective pressure are directed toward a single pivotal warrior; ethically, it underscores the kṣatriya arena where prowess, resolve, and tactical unity shape outcomes, even as the chaos of conflict intensifies.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that all the opposing fighters began moving around and closing in upon the Pāṇḍava’s foremost chariot-warrior, suggesting an encirclement or concentrated engagement against a key champion.