Shloka 31

Devanagari script

ततो भीष्मश्र द्रोणश्षु सैन्धवश्ष जयद्रथ: । पुरुमित्रो जयो भोज: शल्यश्वापि ससौबल:

Transliteration

tato bhīṣmaś ca droṇaś ca saindhavaś ca jayadrathaḥ | purumitraḥ jayo bhojaḥ śalyaś cāpi sasaubalaḥ ||

Translation

তারপর ভীষ্ম ও দ্রোণ, সিন্ধুরাজ জয়দ্রথ, পুরুমিত্র, জয়, ভোজ, শল্য এবং সৌবলবংশীয় শকুনি—সিংহসম পরাক্রমী ও রণে অদম্য এই বীরেরা বারবার পাণ্ডবসেনাকে ভেঙে ছত্রভঙ্গ করতে লাগল।

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• द्रोणः: Drona
• द्रोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सैन्धवः: the Sindhu-king (Saindhava)
• सैन्धवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्धव
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• जयद्रथः: Jayadratha
• जयद्रथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयद्रथ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पुरुमित्रः: Purumitra
• पुरुमित्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुमित्र
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• जयः: Jaya (a warrior named Jaya)
• जयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भोजः: Bhoja (a warrior named Bhoja)
• भोजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोज
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शल्यः: Shalya
• शल्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि
• Form: अव्यय

• ससौबलः: Saubala (Shakuni), with his kin/retinue
• ससौबलः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौबल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (स- उपसर्गसदृशः ‘सह’ अर्थे)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīṣma
• Droṇa
• Jayadratha (Saindhava, Sindhu-king)
• Purumitra
• Jaya
• Bhoja
• Śalya
• Śakuni (Saubala)
• Pāṇḍavas
• Pāṇḍava army

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the relentless momentum of war: repeated tactical success can fracture even a strong army. Ethically, it points to the grim reality that prowess and coordination, when applied without restraint, magnify suffering and pressure the combatants’ commitment to dharma amid violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that leading Kaurava champions—Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Jayadratha, and others including Śalya and Śakuni—are repeatedly breaking the formations of the Pāṇḍava forces, indicating Kaurava battlefield dominance at this moment.