Shloka 44

Jñāna-hetu-nirūpaṇa

On the Causes/Means of Knowledge

Devanagari script

पूर्णं ज्ञानं सदाप्यस्तीत्येवमाहुर्महर्षयः / संज्ञाजन्मगतायाश्च सरस्वत्या महाप्रभो

Transliteration

pūrṇaṃ jñānaṃ sadāpyastītyevamāhurmaharṣayaḥ / saṃjñājanmagatāyāśca sarasvatyā mahāprabho

Translation

মহর্ষিগণ বলেন—“পূর্ণ জ্ঞান সর্বদাই বিদ্যমান।” আর হে মহাপ্রভো, সম্যক্ উপলব্ধি থেকে জন্ম নেওয়া সরস্বতী-শক্তির দ্বারা তা প্রকাশিত হয়।

Word by Word

• pūrṇam: complete
• pūrṇam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective qualifying 'jñānam'

• jñānam: knowledge
• jñānam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Prathamā, Ekavacana; subject

• sadā: always
• sadā: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Kālavyaya (temporal adverb)

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya/Avadhāraṇa-nipāta (particle: 'even/also')

• asti: exists/is
• asti: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √as (अस् धातु)
• Form: Laṭ, Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति) marking end of quotation/content

• evam: in this way
• evam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Prakāravyaya (manner adverb)

• āhuḥ: said/declare
• āhuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ah (अह् धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana; 'they said/declare'

• maharṣayaḥ: great sages
• maharṣayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maharṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; subject of 'āhuḥ'

• saṃjñā-janma-gatāyāḥ: of (her) who has attained/undergone the birth of recognition
• saṃjñā-janma-gatāyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃjñā (प्रातिपदिक) + janman (प्रातिपदिक) + gatā (कृदन्त, √gam धातु)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; genitive qualifier: 'of (Sarasvatī) who has gone through the birth of saṃjñā/recognition'; gatā = PPP (क्त) feminine

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya (conjunction)

• sarasvatyāḥ: of Sarasvatī
• sarasvatyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarasvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; 'of Sarasvatī'

• mahā-prabho: O great lord
• mahā-prabho: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Sambodhana, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya vocative: 'O great lord'

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Perfect knowledge is ever-existent (nitya); its ‘arising’ is a manifestation through Sarasvatī—right understanding and articulate cognition.

Vedantic Theme: Jñāna as self-revealing (svayaṃ-prakāśa) and ever-present; ‘appearance’ due to removal of obscuration; śabda-pramāṇa and devatā as presiding intelligence of speech.

Application: Treat learning as unveiling rather than acquisition; cultivate clarity of speech/thought (Sarasvatī) via disciplined study, truthful expression, and contemplative refinement.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.12.43 (parokṣa knowing across births); Garuda Purana 3.12.45-47 (Brahman, distinction, Bhāratī’s sorrowless nature)

Characters & Entities

• Maharishis
• Sarasvati

FAQs

What is the importance of perfect knowledge (pūrṇaṃ jñānam) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse states that perfect knowledge is not temporary or man-made; it is ever-present, and the sages affirm its timeless reality as a foundation for dharmic living and liberation-oriented understanding.

How does this verse explain the source of knowledge through Sarasvatī?

It links the arising of knowledge to Sarasvatī—symbolizing speech, learning, and refined understanding—implying that clear cognition (saṃjñā) and disciplined learning are gateways through which enduring wisdom becomes manifest.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate clarity of understanding and truthful speech (Sarasvatī’s domain) through study, reflection, and ethical conduct—so that knowledge becomes steady, complete, and beneficial rather than merely informational.