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Shloka 16

Varāha-avatāra: The Boar Incarnation Lifts the Earth and Slays Hiraṇyākṣa

मैत्रेय उवाच परमेष्ठी त्वपां मध्ये तथा सन्नामवेक्ष्य गाम् । कथमेनां समुन्नेष्य इति दध्यौ धिया चिरम् ॥ १६ ॥

maitreya uvāca parameṣṭhī tv apāṁ madhye tathā sannām avekṣya gām katham enāṁ samunneṣya iti dadhyau dhiyā ciram

মৈত্রেয় বললেন—এভাবে পৃথিবীকে জলে নিমজ্জিত দেখে পরমेष्ठী ব্রহ্মা দীর্ঘক্ষণ চিন্তা করলেন, কীভাবে একে উপরে তোলা যায়।

मैत्रेयःMaitreya
मैत्रेयः:
कर्ता (Speaker/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमैत्रेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
परमेष्ठीBrahmā (the supreme ruler)
परमेष्ठी:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपरमेष्ठिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (इन्-प्रातिपदिक; nom. sg. -ī)
तुbut
तु:
सम्बन्धसूचक (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrastive particle)
अपाम्of the waters
अपाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootअप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन (Vedic/irregular stem ap-)
मध्येin the midst
मध्ये:
अधिकरण (Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
तथाthus
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकार-अव्यय (adverb of manner)
सन्being
सन्:
विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअस् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
नामindeed
नाम:
सम्बन्धसूचक (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अवधानार्थ/खल्वर्थ (emphasis)
अवेक्ष्यhaving seen
अवेक्ष्य:
पूर्वकाल (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootअव + ईक्ष् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
गाम्the earth (cow)
गाम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
कथम्how
कथम्:
प्रश्न (Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
एनाम्her (the earth)
एनाम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
समुन्नेष्य(how) to raise up
समुन्नेष्य:
प्रयोजन/संकल्प (Intended action)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + उद् + नी (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-अर्थे भविष्यत्कृदन्त/ल्यप्-न (gerundive-like) here as absolutive of intention: 'having to raise/being about to raise'; more properly: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त (future-oriented) usage in classical; indeclinable in sense of 'having decided to raise'
इतिthus
इति:
वाक्यचिह्न (Quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/वाक्यसमाप्ति-निपात (quotative particle)
दध्यौhe pondered
दध्यौ:
क्रिया (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootध्यै (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
धियाwith (his) intellect
धिया:
करण (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
चिरम्for a long time
चिरम्:
कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचिरम् (अव्यय/नपुंसक-प्रातिपदिक)
Formकाल-अव्यय (adverb of time/duration)

According to Jīva Gosvāmī, the topics delineated here are of different millenniums. The present topics are of the Śveta-varāha millennium, and topics regarding the Cākṣuṣa millennium will also be discussed in this chapter.

M
Maitreya
B
Brahma (Parameshthi)
E
Earth (Gau/Prithvi)

FAQs

This verse sets the scene: Brahmā sees the earth submerged in the cosmic waters and deliberates how to raise her—leading to the divine solution that culminates in Lord Varāha’s rescue.

To emphasize that even Brahmā, tasked with secondary creation, relies on deeper divine guidance when cosmic balance is disturbed—preparing the narrative for the Lord’s intervention.

When problems seem overwhelming, thoughtful reflection and humility—recognizing one’s limits and seeking higher guidance—can open the way for the right solution.