Vyasanadhikarana Adhyaya 4 Sutra 49 - Arthashastra | Bengali | Vedapath

Kautilya

Sutra 49

Devanagari script

ताभ्यां पीडनैर्यथोक्तैश्च पीडितः सक्तो मुख्येषु परिहारोपहतः प्रकीर्णो मिथ्यासंहृतः सामन्ताटवीहृत इति कोशसङ्गवर्गः ॥ कZ_०८.४.४९ ॥

Transliteration

tābhyāṃ pīḍanair yathoktaiś ca pīḍitaḥ sakto mukhyeṣu parihāropahataḥ prakīrṇo mithyāsaṃhṛtaḥ sāmantāṭavīhṛta iti kośasaṅgavargaḥ.

Translation

ওই দুই (অভ্যন্তরীণ ও বাহ্য) এবং অন্যান্য বর্ণিত পীড়নে পীড়িত হলে কোষ (রাজকোষ) এভাবে ‘কোষসঙ্গ’ (জট/ক্ষতিগ্রস্ততা)-এ পড়ে: প্রধান স্থানে আটকে যায়, ছাড়/পরিহারজনিত কারণে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়, ছড়িয়ে পড়ে (অসংগৃহীত থাকে), মিথ্যা-সংহৃত হয় (প্রতারণামূলক হিসাব), অথবা সামন্ত ও অরণ্য-লুটেরাদের দ্বারা হরণ হয়। এটাই কোষসঙ্গের শ্রেণিবিভাগ।

Word by Word

ताभ्याम्by those two (means/agents)

पीडनैःby pressures/coercive measures

यथोक्तैःas stated (earlier), prescribed

चand

पीडितःpressed/harassed, coerced

सक्तःattached/entangled, stuck

मुख्येषुamong/in the principal (ones/places)

परिहारोपहतःdamaged by remissions/allowances (revenue impaired)

प्रकीर्णःscattered, dispersed

मिथ्याfalsely, wrongly

संहृतःcollected, gathered, withdrawn

सामन्ताटवीहृतःtaken away by feudatories and/or forest (raiders)

इतिthus

कोशसङ्गवर्गःthe category (varga) of treasury-obstructions/entanglements

Entities Mentioned

kośa (treasury)

mukhya (key nodes)

parihāra (remissions/exemptions)

sāmanta (feudatories)

āṭavī (forest raiders)

FAQs

What are the main modes of treasury failure listed?

Bottlenecks at key points, losses from remissions/exemptions, dispersed non-collection, fraudulent collection/accounting, and outright seizure by feudatories/forest raiders.

How does this relate to state capacity?

It links security and administration directly to fiscal performance: disorder and weak controls translate into predictable revenue pathologies.