Sutra 11
Devanagari script
अतोऽन्यतमेन कारणेन हतं हत्वा वा दण्डभयादुद्बद्धनिकृत्तकण्ठं विद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.७.११ ॥
Transliteration
ato'nyatamena kāraṇena hataṃ hatvā vā daṇḍabhayād udbaddhanikṛttakaṇṭhaṃ vidyāt
Translation
অথবা অন্য কোনো কারণে নিহত, কিংবা কাউকে হত্যা করে দণ্ডভয়ে যদি (ব্যক্তি) ঝুলন্ত বা গলা-কাটা অবস্থায় পাওয়া যায়, তবে তাকে তেমনই বলে শনাক্ত করতে হবে।
Word by Word
अतःtherefore; from this (reason)
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
Formअव्यय; अपादान/हेतु-अर्थे ‘therefore/from this (reason)’
अन्यतमेनby one of the (possible)
अन्यतमेन:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्यतम
Formतृतीया-एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (विशेष्यापेक्षया); ‘by one or the other (of several)’
कारणेनby a cause; due to a reason
कारणेन:
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
Formतृतीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; करण/हेतु-अर्थे ‘by/through a cause’
हतम्(one) killed; a slain (person/body)
हतम्:
TypeParticiple (Verbal adjective)
Root√हन्
Formकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (भूतकर्मणि); द्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘killed (person/body)’
हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
TypeGerund
Root√हन्
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय; पूर्वकालिक क्रिया ‘having killed’
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक ‘or’
दण्डभयात्from fear of punishment
दण्डभयात्:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड-भय
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘from fear of punishment’
उद्बद्धनिकृत्तकण्ठम्(a body) with signs of hanging or with the throat cut
उद्बद्धनिकृत्तकण्ठम्:
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootउद्बद्ध-निकृत्त-कण्ठ
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; विशेषणम् (हतम् इत्यस्य) ‘having (either) a hanging (mark) or a cut throat’
विद्यात्he should know; he should ascertain
विद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (ज्ञान)
Formलोट्/विधिलिङ्? → विधिलिङ् (optative) परस्मैपद; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘he should know/ascertain’
Entities Mentioned
O
offender (implicit)V
victim (implicit)S
state punishment (daṇḍa)FAQs
To prevent offenders from escaping adjudication (or concealing homicide) through suicide or staged circumstances, ensuring accountability and deterrence.