Adhyakshaprachara Adhyaya 8 Sutra 21 - Arthashastra | Bengali | Vedapath

Kautilya

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Sutra 21

Devanagari script

निर्वर्तनविषमः पिण्डविषमः वर्णविषमः अर्घविषमः मानविषमः मापनविषमः भाजनविषमः इति हरणोपायाः ॥ कZ_०२.८.२१f ॥

Transliteration

nirvartanaviṣamaḥ piṇḍaviṣamaḥ varṇaviṣamaḥ arghaviṣamaḥ mānaviṣamaḥ māpanaviṣamaḥ bhājanaviṣamaḥ iti haraṇopāyāḥ

Translation

এগুলো আত্মসাৎ/হরণ করার উপায়— নির্বর্তন (প্রক্রিয়াকরণ/টার্নওভার)-এ গড়বড়; পিণ্ড (থোক লট)-এ গড়বড়; বর্ণ (গ্রেড/শ্রেণিবিভাগ)-এ গড়বড়; অর্ঘ (মূল্যায়ন)-এ গড়বড়; মান (মানক মাপ)-এ গড়বড়; মাপন (মাপার পদ্ধতি)-এ গড়বড়; এবং ভাজন (পাত্র/বাসন)-এ গড়বড়।

Word by Word

निर्वर्तन-विषमःfraud by irregularity in finishing/processing (of goods)

पिण्ड-विषमःfraud by irregularity in the lump/mass (size or form)

वर्ण-विषमःfraud by irregularity in colour/appearance

अर्घ-विषमःfraud by irregularity in price/valuation

मान-विषमःfraud by irregularity in standard measure/weight

मापन-विषमःfraud by irregularity in the act/process of measuring

भाजन-विषमःfraud by irregularity in the vessel/container (measuring vessel)

इतिthus; as follows

हरण-उपायाःmethods of theft/defrauding

Entities Mentioned

inspectors of measures

storehouse staff

processors/artisans

FAQs

What is the governance insight behind listing many ‘viṣama’ types?

Kauṭilya treats corruption as operational: it occurs through process steps (grading, measuring, containerizing), so controls must exist at each step, not only at final totals.