Sutra 12
Devanagari script
राजवर्षं मासः पक्षो दिवसश्च व्युष्टम् वर्षाहेमन्तग्रीष्माणां तृतीयसप्तमा दिवसोनाः पक्षाः शेषाः पूर्णाः पृथगधिमासकः इति कालः ॥ कZ_०२.६.१२ ॥
Transliteration
rājavarṣaṃ māsaḥ pakṣo divasaś ca vyuṣṭam varṣāhemantagrīṣmāṇāṃ tṛtīya-saptamā divasonāḥ pakṣāḥ śeṣāḥ pūrṇāḥ pṛthag-adhimāsakaḥ iti kālaḥ
Translation
রাজকীয় হিসাবের জন্য সময় গণনা এভাবে: রাজবর্ষ, মাস, পক্ষ, দিন এবং ব্যুষ্ট (অতিক্রান্ত দিন)। বর্ষা, হেমন্ত ও গ্রীষ্ম ঋতুতে কিছু পক্ষ তৃতীয় বা সপ্তম দিনে কম হয়; বাকিগুলি পূর্ণ থাকে। অধিমাস পৃথকভাবে গণ্য হয়। এটাই সময়-মান।
Word by Word
राजवर्षम्the king’s (administrative) year
राजवर्षम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् + वर्ष
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; समासः—राज्ञः वर्षम्
मासःa month
मासः:
TypeNoun
Rootमास
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा
पक्षःa fortnight
पक्षः:
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा
दिवसःa day
दिवसः:
TypeNoun
Rootदिवस
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
व्युष्टम्the dawn / daybreak (as a time-marker)
व्युष्टम्:
TypeNoun/Adjective (used substantively)
Rootव्युष्ट
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; ‘व्युष्ट’ (उषस्-व्यतीत/प्रभात-काल)
वर्षाof the rainy season(s)
वर्षा:
TypeNoun
Rootवर्षा
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी (समास-पूर्वपदत्वेन)
हेमन्तof hemanta (winter)
हेमन्त:
TypeNoun
Rootहेमन्त
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी (समास-पूर्वपदत्वेन)
ग्रीष्माणाम्of summer(s)
ग्रीष्माणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootग्रीष्म
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी
तृतीयthe third (ones)
तृतीय:
TypeOrdinal/Adjective
Rootतृतीय
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा; ‘तृतीयाः’ (पक्षाः) इति विशेषणम्
सप्तमाःthe seventh (ones)
सप्तमाः:
TypeOrdinal/Adjective
Rootसप्तम
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा; ‘सप्तमाः’ (पक्षाः) इति विशेषणम्
दिवसdays
दिवस:
TypeNoun
Rootदिवस
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा (समास-पूर्वपदत्वेन)
ऊनाःdeficient (by)
ऊनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootऊन
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा; ‘(दिवस)ऊना:’ = दिवसैः न्यूनाः
पक्षाःfortnights
पक्षाः:
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा
शेषाःthe remaining
शेषाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशेष
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा; ‘अवशिष्टाः’
पूर्णाःcomplete / full
पूर्णाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्ण
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा
पृथक्separately
पृथक्:
TypeAdverb
Rootपृथक्
Formअव्यय; ‘separately’
अधिमासकःan intercalary month (leap month)
अधिमासकः:
TypeNoun
Rootअधि + मास
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; ‘अधिमास’ (intercalary month) तदर्थकः
इतिthus
इति:
TypeQuotative particle
Rootइति
Formअव्यय; उक्तार्थ-समापन
कालःtime (the system of time-reckoning)
कालः:
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा
Entities Mentioned
K
king (royal administration)T
treasury/accounting office (implicit)FAQs
To ensure uniform accounting periods across offices, enabling consistent reporting, reconciliation, and audit.
To prevent distortion of annual totals and to keep revenue/expenditure comparisons consistent across years.