Sutra 4

Devanagari script

साम्नाह्यः सप्तक्रियापथ उपस्थानं संवर्तनं सम्यानं वधावधो हस्तियुद्धं नागरायणं सांग्रामिकं च ॥ कZ_०२.३२.०४ ॥

Transliteration

sāmnāhyaḥ saptakriyāpatha upasthānaṃ saṃvartanaṃ samyānaṃ vadhāvadho hastiyuddhaṃ nāgarāyaṇaṃ sāṃgrāmikaṃ ca

Translation

সাম্নাহ্য (যুদ্ধসজ্জ) শ্রেণির সাতটি ক্রিয়াপথ—উপস্থান (সারি/অবস্থান গ্রহণ), সংবর্তন (ঘোরানো/মোড়), সম্যান (সোজা সারিতে অগ্রসর হওয়া), বধাবধ (আঘাত ও পাল্টা-আঘাত), হস্তিযুদ্ধ (হাতির যুদ্ধ), নাগরায়ণ (নাগরায়ণ কৌশল), এবং সাংগ্রামিক (পূর্ণ যুদ্ধ-তৈনাতি)।

Word by Word

• साम्नाह्यः: the ‘sāmnāhya’ (so-called) maneuvers/operations
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: साम्नाह्य
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः); विशेषण/संज्ञा—(इमे) साम्नाह्याः

• सप्त: seven
• Type: Numeral
• Root: सप्तन्
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्याशब्दः; (अत्र) विशेषणम्

• क्रियापथः: a course/mode of action (maneuver)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथ
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः); ‘सप्त’ इत्यनेन समासार्थे/गणनार्थे निर्दिष्टः (सप्त क्रियापथाः इति भावः)

• उपस्थानम्: approaching / taking position near (the opponent)
• Type: Noun (Action noun)
• Root: स्था (उप-√स्था)
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गः); भाववाचक-नाम

• संवर्तनम्: turning about / wheeling (a maneuver)
• Type: Noun (Action noun)
• Root: वृत् (सम्-√वृत्)
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गः); भाववाचक-नाम

• सम्यानम्: advancing/going in formation (a coordinated movement)
• Type: Noun (Action noun)
• Root: या (सम्-√या)
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गः); भाववाचक-नाम

• वध: killing / striking down
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः); समाहार-गणनायाम् (सूच्यते)

• अवधः: non-killing / preventing a kill (counter-maneuver)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवध
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः); ‘वध’ इत्यस्य विरोधार्थकः/निषेधार्थकः पदः

• हस्तियुद्धम्: elephant-fighting / elephant warfare
• Type: Noun
• Root: युध्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गः)

• नागरायणम्: the ‘nāgarāyaṇa’ type (a named method/formation) of elephant warfare
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: नागरायण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गः); ‘हस्तियुद्धम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्—नागरायण-नामकं प्रकारम्

• सांग्रामिकम्: martial / pertaining to battle
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सांग्रामिक
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गः); ‘हस्तियुद्धम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्

Entities Mentioned

• battle elephants
• military units (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What governance idea is embedded in enumerating 'seven operational courses'?

Doctrine standardization: training and evaluation become measurable when maneuvers are enumerated as discrete competencies.